The sugars that coat the surface of the cell have long fascinated Carolyn Bertozzi, a Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University. But her study of these complex carbohydrates has had much further reaching implications. Her pioneering work on bioorthogonal chemistry — reactions that can be run in living systems, without damaging them — has opened up basic drug discovery and therapeutic applications alike, for example. In her hands, these chemical tools have led to the creation of new therapeutic modalities including antibody–enzyme conjugates that can reshape the glycocalyx and lysosome-targeting chimaeras (LYTACs) that can degrade membrane-bound and extracellular targets. These, in turn, are helping her to further unravel the role of sugars in biology and in immuno-oncology. Bertozzi has already founded eight companies to advance these and other approaches. More are on the way. Speaking with Asher Mullard, she discussed her work and why drug developers have been so slow to see the sugars on the surface of the cell.

中文翻译：

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卡罗琳·贝托佐（Carolyn Bertozzi）

斯坦福大学化学教授卡洛琳·贝托佐（Carolyn Bertozzi）长期以来一直迷住细胞表面的糖。但是她对这些复杂碳水化合物的研究具有更深远的影响。她在生物正交化学方面的开创性工作-可以在活体系统中运行而不会损坏它们的反应-例如，已经开拓了基本的药物发现和治疗应用领域。在她的手中，这些化学工具导致了新的治疗方式的产生，包括可以重塑糖萼和靶向溶酶体的嵌合体（LYTAC）的抗体-酶结合物，它们可以降解膜结合和细胞外靶标。这些反过来帮助她进一步阐明糖在生物学和免疫肿瘤学中的作用。Bertozzi已经成立了八家公司来推进这些方法和其他方法。还有更多。她在与Asher Mullard的交谈中，讨论了她的工作以及为什么药物开发人员如此缓慢地看到细胞表面的糖分。