Abstract Building energy consumption accounts for a large fraction of the total global energy usage, and considerable energy savings are expected to be achieved in this respect through residential electrical load monitoring. Due to the limitations on the practical implementation of in-depth and expensive monitoring systems, non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is becoming a hot topic. In this paper, an overview of the state of the art residential electrical load monitoring is presented. Different from previous reviews, the applications of load monitoring are particularly addressed, based on which, technical challenges of load monitoring techniques, including NILM, are identified and thoroughly discussed, together with possible developments and trends predicted from the authors’ perspective.

中文翻译：

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住宅用电负载监测和建模——智能家居和电网的最新技术和未来趋势

摘要 建筑能耗占全球能源使用总量的很大一部分，预计通过住宅用电负荷监测在这方面可以实现可观的节能。由于深入且昂贵的监控系统在实际实施中的限制，非侵入式负载监控（NILM）正成为一个热门话题。在本文中，概述了最先进的住宅电力负荷监测。与之前的评论不同，特别讨论了负载监控的应用，在此基础上，确定并深入讨论了负载监控技术（包括 NILM）的技术挑战，以及从作者的角度预测的可能发展和趋势。