Long term evolution (LTE) signals have the potential for use in positioning, especially in challenging environments. The time‐of‐arrival (TOA)‐based technique supported by LTE is attractive due to its high positioning accuracy. However, it is vulnerable to multipath propagation effects in typical LTE channels. This paper will summarize several existing advanced TOA estimators for LTE signals, i.e., first peak detection, information theoretic criteria, super‐resolution algorithm, and delay‐lock loop (DLL). Later, the paper will evaluate the TOA estimation performances of these techniques with multipath propagation effects and varying signal conditions using simulations. For the DLL, the multipath error envelope metric is assessed for different signal bandwidths. The root mean square errors of the TOA estimations are compared to evaluate suitable TOA estimators under various conditions. Finally, some other performance characteristics of these techniques are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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实际多径传播信道中LTE信号到达时间估计技术的性能比较

长期演进（LTE）信号具有用于定位的潜力，尤其是在具有挑战性的环境中。LTE支持的基于到达时间（TOA）的技术具有很高的定位精度，因此具有吸引力。但是，它容易受到典型LTE信道中的多径传播影响。本文将总结几种针对LTE信号的现有高级TOA估计器，即第一峰值检测，信息理论标准，超分辨率算法和延迟锁定环（DLL）。稍后，本文将通过仿真评估这些技术在多径传播效应和变化的信号条件下的TOA估计性能。对于DLL，针对不同的信号带宽评估多径错误包络度量。比较TOA估计的均方根误差，以评估各种条件下合适的TOA估计量。最后，还讨论了这些技术的其他一些性能特征。