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Telemetry evaluation of carbon dioxide as a behavioral deterrent for invasive carps
Journal of Great Lakes Research ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2020.10.004
Aaron R. Cupp , Ashley K. Lopez , Justin R. Smerud , John A. Tix , Jose M. Rivera , Nicholas M. Swyers , Marybeth K. Brey , Christa M. Woodley , David L. Smith , Mark P. Gaikowski

Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO2) mixed into water is being explored as a possible management strategy to deter the upstream movements of invasive carps through navigation locks and other migratory pinch-points. This study used two-dimensional acoustic telemetry to assess the effectiveness of dissolved CO2 as a chemosensory deterrent to two carp species in a large U-shaped pond. Free-swimming movements of telemetered bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were documented 24 h before treatment and 24 h during treatments at 60, 121 and 213 mg/L CO2 (mean concentrations in pond water). Several behavioral endpoints were then quantified and compared to evaluate deterrence efficacy. In general, results showed that both carp species responded similarly to CO2 treatments. Carps consistently relocated into areas away from the injection site and made fewer attempts to re-enter CO2 treated areas. On average, CO2 treatments reduced mid-line crosses between untreated and treated sides of the pond by 58% at 121 mg/L CO2 and 78% at 213 mg/L CO2 relative to normal swimming movements recorded before treatment. Fish swim speeds increased significantly when inside the CO2 plume during treatments during 213 mg/L CO2 trials relative to swim speeds outside the plume, possibly indicative of active searching and avoidance responses. Overall, this study found that CO2 altered the behavior of bighead carp and grass carp. Natural resource agencies could consider the CO2 concentrations identified in this study to inform future applications to deter invasive carps from locations where they are at-risk to move upstream.

中文翻译:

二氧化碳遥测评估对入侵鲤鱼的行为威慑作用

摘要 正在探索将二氧化碳 (CO2) 混入水中作为一种可能的管理策略,以阻止入侵鲤鱼通过导航闸和其他洄游夹点向上游移动。本研究使用二维声学遥测技术评估溶解的 CO2 作为化学感应威慑大型 U 形池塘中两种鲤鱼的有效性。在处理前 24 小时和处理期间 24 小时记录了遥测鳙(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)和草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idella)的自由游动活动,CO2 浓度分别为 60、121 和 213 毫克/升(池塘水中的平均浓度)。然后量化并比较几个行为终点以评估威慑效果。总的来说,结果表明两种鲤鱼对二氧化碳处理的反应相似。鲤鱼不断迁移到远离注入点的区域,并且很少尝试重新进入 CO2 处理区域。平均而言,与处理前记录的正常游泳运动相比,CO2 处理在 121 mg/L CO2 和 213 mg/L CO2 时将池塘未处理侧和处理侧之间的中线交叉减少了 58% 和 78%。在 213 毫克/升 CO2 试验期间,相对于羽流外的游泳速度,在处理期间在二氧化碳羽流内的鱼游泳速度显着增加,这可能表明主动搜索和回避反应。总的来说,这项研究发现二氧化碳改变了鳙鱼和草鱼的行为。自然资源机构可以考虑本研究中确定的 CO2 浓度,为未来的应用提供信息,以阻止入侵鲤鱼从它们有风险的地方向上游移动。
更新日期:2021-02-01
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