Adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) allows visualization of the living human retina with exquisite single-cell resolution. This technology has improved our understanding of normal retinal structure and revealed pathophysiological details of a number of retinal diseases. Despite the remarkable capabilities of AOSLO, it has not seen the widespread commercial adoption and mainstream clinical success of other modalities developed in a similar time frame. Nevertheless, continued advancements in AOSLO hardware and software have expanded use to a broader range of patients. Current devices enable imaging of a number of different retinal cell types, with recent improvements in stimulus and detection schemes enabling monitoring of retinal function, microscopic structural changes, and even subcellular activity. This has positioned AOSLO for use in clinical trials, primarily as exploratory outcome measures or biomarkers that can be used to monitor disease progression or therapeutic response. AOSLO metrics could facilitate patient selection for such trials, to refine inclusion criteria or to guide the choice of therapy, depending on the presence, absence, or functional viability of specific cell types. Here we explore the potential of AOSLO retinal imaging by reviewing clinical applications as well as some of the pitfalls and barriers to more widespread clinical adoption.

自适应光学扫描光检眼镜 (AOSLO) 允许以精细的单细胞分辨率可视化活的人类视网膜。这项技术提高了我们对正常视网膜结构的理解，并揭示了许多视网膜疾病的病理生理细节。尽管 AOSLO 具有非凡的能力，但它还没有看到在类似的时间框架内开发的其他模式的广泛商业采用和主流临床成功。尽管如此，AOSLO 硬件和软件的持续进步已将使用范围扩大到更广泛的患者。目前的设备能够对许多不同类型的视网膜细胞进行成像，最近对刺激和检测方案的改进能够监测视网膜功能、微观结构变化甚至亚细胞活动。这使 AOSLO 可用于临床试验，主要作为可用于监测疾病进展或治疗反应的探索性结果测量或生物标志物。AOSLO 指标可以根据特定细胞类型的存在、不存在或功能活力，促进此类试验的患者选择，完善纳入标准或指导治疗选择。在这里，我们通过回顾临床应用以及更广泛临床采用的一些陷阱和障碍来探索 AOSLO 视网膜成像的潜力。取决于特定细胞类型的存在、不存在或功能活力。在这里，我们通过回顾临床应用以及更广泛临床采用的一些陷阱和障碍来探索 AOSLO 视网膜成像的潜力。取决于特定细胞类型的存在、不存在或功能活力。在这里，我们通过回顾临床应用以及更广泛临床采用的一些陷阱和障碍来探索 AOSLO 视网膜成像的潜力。