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Evaluating capacitive wetness sensors for measuring deposition in electrostatically charged spraying operations
Computers and Electronics in Agriculture ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105829
Luke Longworth , Scott Post , Mark Jermy , Hugh Hendrickson , Jamie Steel , Ethan Cannon , Jack Gleadow , Simon Brown

Abstract Standard methods for measuring pesticide deposition include water sensitive paper and fibre (paper or cord) collectors, which require time consuming manual steps to gather, process and interpret results. Measurement of pesticide deposition is important in evaluating the efficacy of a spray, which affects the total crop yield. A lack of knowledge about spray quality often results in the need to spray to excess, which can contaminate the soil and damage neighbouring ecosystems and the atmosphere. The suitability of PHYTOS 31 capacitive leaf wetness sensors (Meter Group, Pullman, WA, USA) for spray sensing applications was analysed. The best fit calibration function for droplets of ~ 1 μL volume was linear (R2 = 0.985). The best fit calibration function for drops > 10 μL was a weighted sum of a linear and power function (R2 = 0.984). Thus, the calibration function should be chosen according to the anticipated size of droplet. The PHYTOS 31 sensors and water sensitive papers were used in a field test, comparing electrostatically charged and uncharged sprays. Both measurement techniques show that charged spray is more effective in covering parts of the plants which do not have a direct line of sight to the nozzle. The techniques disagree on quantitative coverage measurement, with the water sensitive papers reporting areal coverage two to four times higher than the capacitive sensors. High-speed video observations show that this is due to contraction (de-wetting) of the drop on the capacitive sensors. The surface of the capacitive sensors is more hydrophobic than the papers. The hydrophobicity of the capacitive sensors appears to be a better match to plant leaves than that of the papers. Capacitive sensors are a suitable measurement tool for evaluating liquid coverage in the field, but further calibration is necessary to be confident in the quantitative data.

中文翻译:

评估用于测量静电喷涂操作中沉积的电容式湿度传感器

摘要 测量农药沉积的标准方法包括水敏纸和纤维(纸或绳)收集器,它们需要耗时的手动步骤来收集、处理和解释结果。农药沉积的测量对于评估喷雾效果很重要,喷雾效果会影响作物的总产量。对喷雾质量缺乏了解通常会导致需要过量喷雾,这会污染土壤并破坏邻近的生态系统和大气。分析了 PHYTOS 31 电容式叶片湿度传感器(Meter Group, Pullman, WA, USA)在喷雾传感应用中的适用性。~ 1 μL 体积的液滴的最佳拟合校准函数是线性的 (R2 = 0.985)。液滴 > 10 μL 的最佳拟合校准函数是线性函数和幂函数的加权总和 (R2 = 0.984)。因此,应根据预期的液滴尺寸选择校准函数。PHYTOS 31 传感器和水敏纸用于现场测试,比较带静电和不带电的喷雾。两种测量技术都表明,带电喷雾在覆盖植物部分没有直接视线到喷嘴时更有效。这些技术在定量覆盖测量方面存在分歧,水敏纸报告的面积覆盖比电容传感器高两到四倍。高速视频观察表明,这是由于电容传感器上的液滴收缩(去湿)所致。电容式传感器的表面比纸更疏水。与纸张相比,电容传感器的疏水性似乎更适合植物叶子。电容式传感器是用于评估现场液体覆盖率的合适测量工具,但需要进一步校准才能对定量数据充满信心。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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