Efficiency of coin manufacturing is often limited by the service life of the stamping dies, whose degradation by wear results in decreasing the quality of the produced coin engraving. The aim of this work is to explore the ability of the combined application of experimental characterization and numerical simulation of the material elastoplastic forming response, friction effects, and die material wear rate as a tool to contribute to the coin design in order to ultimately increase the number of coins that can be die forged before the use of a worn die compromises the desired quality of the final product. The following aspects have been particularly addressed in this study. First, the influence of two design parameters related with the quality of the coins, i.e., die displacement and depth of engraving, is quantified determining that the die displacement is the most preponderant since the stamping force needed in this process is higher compared with that obtained by varying the depth of engraving. In addition, it is found that the curvature of the coin relief determines the local stress distribution, in some cases even at the opposite die, resulting in a heterogeneous wear evolution. A complementary wear test reveals that, for the involved range of curvatures, the wear mechanism may shift from dominated by plowing/cutting to dominated by fatigue. It is concluded that the numerical simulation allows considering efficiency of the coining process already at the stage of the aesthetic design of a coin.

硬币制造的效率通常受到冲压模具的使用寿命的限制，冲压模具的使用寿命由于磨损而降低，从而导致所生产的硬币雕刻品的质量下降。这项工作的目的是探索结合使用实验表征和数值模拟材料弹塑性成形响应，摩擦效应和模具材料磨损率的组合能力，以此作为最终设计硬币的工具在使用破旧的模具之前可以模锻的硬币数量会损害最终产品的期望质量。以下方面在本研究中已得到特别解决。首先，与硬币质量相关的两个设计参数的影响，即模具位移和雕刻深度，通过确定模具位移是最主要的，因为与改变雕刻深度所获得的压模力相比，该过程所需的压模力更高。另外，发现硬币浮雕的曲率决定了局部应力分布，在某些情况下甚至在相对的模具上，也导致了磨损的不均匀发展。补充的磨损测试表明，对于所涉及的曲率范围，磨损机制可能会从犁/切割为主转变为疲劳为主。结论是，数值模拟允许在硬币的美学设计阶段就已经考虑到冲压过程的效率。另外，发现硬币浮雕的曲率决定了局部应力分布，在某些情况下甚至在相对的模具上，也导致了磨损的不均匀发展。补充的磨损测试表明，对于所涉及的曲率范围，磨损机制可能会从犁/切割为主转变为疲劳为主。结论是，数值模拟允许在硬币的美学设计阶段就已经考虑到冲压过程的效率。另外，发现硬币浮雕的曲率决定了局部应力分布，在某些情况下甚至在相对的模具上，也导致了磨损的不均匀发展。补充的磨损测试表明，对于所涉及的曲率范围，磨损机制可能会从犁/切割为主转变为疲劳为主。结论是，数值模拟允许在硬币的美学设计阶段就已经考虑到冲压过程的效率。磨损机制可能会从以犁/切割为主转变为以疲劳为主。结论是，数值模拟允许在硬币的美学设计阶段就已经考虑到冲压过程的效率。磨损机制可能会从以犁/切割为主转变为以疲劳为主。结论是，数值模拟允许在硬币的美学设计阶段就已经考虑到冲压过程的效率。