Despite the progress in using silver nano products in many fields, including medicine, food, and industry, their effects on the environment need more attention. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the effect of silver/saponin nanocomposites (Ag/S NCs) for the first time on the aquatic environment by using freshwater clam, Caelatura aegyptiaca, as a fundamental bioindicator in the freshwater system. Following the preparation and characterization of Ag/S NCs by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer, UV–Vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and acute toxicity study, we exposed the clam to three different doses of Ag/S NCs (12.5, 25 and 50 mg L⁻¹) for consecutive 6 days. All Ag/S NCs concentrations caused a significant increase in malondialdehyde and nitric oxide while induced a notable decrease in glutathione and catalase levels in all studied organs. Moreover, the histological alternations were observed in gills, labial palp, and foot tissues, particularly at dose 50 mg L⁻¹. From the results of our work, we concluded that toxicity of Ag/S NCs on freshwater clam leads to an oxidative stress response as well as histopathological changes. Besides, we assumed that Coelatura aegyptiaca could be used as a sensitive bioindicator for monitoring water pollution caused by different nanoparticles. Therefore, we do recommend performing further studies by using fresh clam to provide a better assessment for our aquatic environment to prevent water pollution locally and globally.

尽管在许多领域（包括医学，食品和工业）中使用银纳米产品都有进展，但它们对环境的影响仍需要更多关注。因此，本研究旨在通过使用淡水蛤，（Caelatura aegyptiaca）作为淡水系统中的基本生物指示剂，首次评估银/皂苷纳米复合材料（Ag / S NCs）对水生环境的影响。通过使用原子吸收分光光度计，UV-Vis分光光度计，X射线衍射，透射电子显微镜和急性毒性研究制备和表征Ag / S NCs，我们将蛤暴露于三种不同剂量的Ag / S NCs（12.5 ，25和50 mg L ^-1）连续6天。所有Ag / S NCs浓度均引起丙二醛和一氧化氮的显着增加，同时在所有研究器官中均导致谷胱甘肽和过氧化氢酶水平显着降低。此外，在g，唇pa和足组织中观察到组织学变化，特别是在50 mg L ^-1剂量下。根据我们的工作结果，我们得出结论，Ag / S NCs对淡水蛤lam的毒性导致氧化应激反应以及组织病理学变化。此外，我们假设埃及腔棘鱼可用作敏感的生物指示剂，以监测由不同纳米颗粒引起的水污染。因此，我们建议使用新鲜的蛤进行进一步的研究，以便对我们的水生环境进行更好的评估，以防止本地和全球水污染。