Purpose

The aim of this study was to explore the activity of Naja naja oxiana venom on Leishmania tropica and its modes of action.

Methods

Different fractions of Naja naja oxiana venom (NNOV) were prepared and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. The superior component, fraction k (FK) was selected. The activity of the fraction was assessed using advanced assays.

Results

Interleukin (IL)-12, TNF-α and iNOS gene expression as the indicators of Th1 significantly increased. In contrast, the level of IL-10, as the marker of T helper 2 substantially decreased (p < 0.001). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) after treatment with different concentrations of NNOV-FK, unlike arginase (L-ARG) activity which showed a significant reduction (p < 0.001). The NNOV-FK showed significant lethal activity on the L. tropica stages.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrated that NNOV-FK represented a strong leishmanicidal activity on L. tropica stages. The major modes of NNOV-FK action are multidimensional, which perceives the induction of a synergistic response and upregulation of the immune-modulatory role towards Th1 response against L. tropica stages as well as apoptotic and anti-metabolic action as a model drug to generate ROS, block the polyamine synthesis and lead to parasite death.

中文翻译：

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高级分析证实了 Naja naja oxiana 蛇毒对热带利什曼原虫的作用

目的

本研究的目的是探索Naja naja oxiana毒液对热带利什曼原虫的活性及其作用方式。

方法

制备了不同馏分的Naja naja oxiana毒液 (NNOV)，并通过高效液相色谱法对其进行了表征。选择了优质组分，分数 k (FK)。级分的活性使用先进的测定法进行评估。

结果

白细胞介素(IL)-12、TNF-α和iNOS基因表达作为Th1的指标显着增加。相反，作为 T 辅助细胞 2 标志物的 IL-10 水平显着降低（p  < 0.001）。 用不同浓度的 NNOV-FK 处理后，活性氧 (ROS) 检测显示显着增加 ( p < 0.001)，这与显示显着降低 ( p  < 0.001) 的精氨酸酶 ( L- ARG) 活性不同。该NNOV-FK上表现为显著致死活性L. tropica阶段。

结论

研究结果表明，NNOV-FK 在L. tropica阶段表现出强烈的利什曼原虫杀灭活性。NNOV-FK 作用的主要模式是多维的，它认为诱导协同反应和免疫调节作用对L. tropica阶段的Th1 反应以及凋亡和抗代谢作用作为模型药物产生ROS，阻断多胺合成并导致寄生虫死亡。