Biometric authentication offers advantages over current security practices. Unlike keys and tokens, biometrics are never lost or stolen. Unlike passwords, biometrics cannot be forgotten. However, existing biometric systems are with controversy: once divulged, they are compromised forever. To this end, this paper explores a truly cancelable brain-based biometric system for the first time. Specifically, we present a new psychophysiological protocol via non-volitional brain response for trustworthy user authentication, with an application example of smart headwear. More specifically, we address the following research challenges in a theoretical and experimental combined manner: (1) how to generate reliable brain responses with sophisticated visual stimuli; (2) how to acquire effective brain response and analyze unique features in them for authentication; and (3) how to reset and change brain biometrics when the current biometric credential is divulged. To evaluate the performance of the proposed system, we conducted a pilot study and achieved an $f$f-score accuracy of 95.46 percent and equal error rate (EER) of 2.503 percent, thereby demonstrating the potential feasibility of neurofeedback based biometrics for smart headwear applications. Further, the cancelability study proves the effectiveness of the reset brain password. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first in-depth research study on truly cancelable brain biometrics.

中文翻译：

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探索用于智能头饰的基于大脑的可取消生物识别：概念、实施和评估

生物特征认证提供优于当前安全实践的优势。与钥匙和令牌不同，生物识别技术永远不会丢失或被盗。与密码不同，生物识别技术不会被遗忘。然而，现有的生物识别系统存在争议：一旦泄露，它们将永远受到损害。为此，本文首次探索了一种真正可取消的基于大脑的生物识别系统。具体来说，我们通过非意志性大脑反应提出了一种新的心理生理学协议，用于可信赖的用户身份验证，并以智能头饰的应用为例。更具体地说，我们以理论和实验相结合的方式解决以下研究挑战：（1）如何通过复杂的视觉刺激产生可靠的大脑反应；(2) 如何获取有效的大脑反应并分析其中的独特特征以进行验证；(3) 当前生物识别凭证泄露时如何重置和更改大脑生物识别。为了评估所提出系统的性能，我们进行了一项试点研究并取得了$f$F-95.46% 的准确率和 2.503% 的等错误率 (EER)，从而证明了基于神经反馈的生物识别技术在智能头饰应用中的潜在可行性。此外，可取消性研究证明了重置大脑密码的有效性。据我们所知，这是对真正可取消的大脑生物识别技术的第一次深入研究。