Online monitoring of microbial cultures is an effective approach for studying both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Especially in small‐scale cultivations, several parallel online monitored experiments can generate a detailed understanding of the cultivation, compared to a situation where a few data points are generated from time course sampling and offline analysis. However, the availability of small‐scale online monitoring devices for acetogenic organisms is limited. In this study, the previously reported anaerobic Respiration Activity MOnitoring System (anaRAMOS) device was adapted for online monitoring of Clostridium ljungdahlii (C. ljungdahlii) cultures with fructose as the carbon source. The anaRAMOS was applied to identify conversion of different carbon sources present in commonly used YTF medium. An iron(II) deficiency was discovered in this medium for C. ljungdahlii. Addition of iron(II) to the YTF medium reduced the cultivation time and increased biomass yield of C. ljungdahlii cultures by 50% and 40%, respectively. The measurement of the carbon dioxide transfer rate was used to calculated the iron(II) contained in complex components. By demonstrating the application of the anaRAMOS device for medium optimization, it is proven that the described online monitoring device has potential for use in process development.

中文翻译：

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应用厌氧呼吸监测系统的在线监测揭示了杨氏梭菌 YTF 培养基中的铁 (II) 限制

微生物培养的在线监测是研究好氧和厌氧微生物的有效方法。特别是在小规模种植中，与通过时间过程采样和离线分析生成少量数据点的情况相比，多个并行的在线监测实验可以产生对种植的详细了解。然而，用于产乙酸生物的小型在线监测设备的可用性是有限的。在这项研究中，先前报道的厌氧呼吸活动监测系统 (anaRAMOS) 设备适用于以果糖为碳源的杨氏梭菌 (C. ljungdahlii) 培养物的在线监测。anaRAMOS 用于识别常用 YTF 培养基中存在的不同碳源的转化。在该培养基中发现了 C. ljungdahlii 的铁 (II) 缺乏症。向 YTF 培养基中添加铁 (II) 可缩短杨氏梭菌培养物的培养时间并将生物量产量分别提高 50% 和 40%。二氧化碳转移率的测量用于计算复杂组分中所含的铁（II）。通过演示 anaRAMOS 设备在介质优化中的应用，证明所描述的在线监控设备具有用于工艺开发的潜力。