Abstract The first part of this review describes laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrumentation for in situ measurement outside the laboratory, both prototype instruments and commercially available analyzers that can be operated by a single individual. Two types of devices are described – (i) field-portable type systems consisting of multiple units connected by an umbilical (fpLIBS) and (ii) handheld analyzers (hLIBS). The performance of these two types of LIBS systems is compared with that of its primary competitor technology portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF). The second part of the article reviews the results of both fpLIBS and hLIBS obtained in both research settings and for practical applications in various sectors where speed of analysis is often crucial. These include compositional screening of natural and manufactured materials, quality control of manufacturing processes, identification of environmental contaminants, biomedical diagnostics, forensic analysis, and hazardous material identification in the industrial, environmental, geological, cultural heritage, agricultural, biological, nuclear and security sectors. The review concludes by highlighting the key trends and challenging future directions in making LIBS technology readily accessible for applications that demand easy portability and fast analysis outside of the laboratory with instruments of compact dimensions and low weight but high performance, crucial features required for any portable device.

中文翻译：

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现场便携式和手持式 LIBS：历史回顾、现状和未来前景

摘要 本综述的第一部分描述了用于实验室外原位测量的激光诱导击穿光谱 (LIBS) 仪器，包括可由单个人操作的原型仪器和市售分析仪。描述了两种类型的设备 - (i) 由通过脐带 (fpLIBS) 和 (ii) 手持式分析仪 (hLIBS) 连接的多个单元组成的现场便携式系统。将这两种 LIBS 系统的性能与其主要竞争对手技术便携式 X 射线荧光光谱 (pXRF) 的性能进行了比较。文章的第二部分回顾了 fpLIBS 和 hLIBS 在研究环境和在分析速度通常至关重要的各个部门的实际应用中获得的结果。这些包括工业、环境、地质、文化遗产、农业、生物、核和安全部门的天然和人造材料的成分筛选、制造过程的质量控制、环境污染物的识别、生物医学诊断、法医分析和危险材料识别. 该评论最后强调了关键趋势和具有挑战性的未来方向，使 LIBS 技术易于用于需要在实验室外方便携带和快速分析的应用，仪器尺寸紧凑、重量轻但性能高，具有任何便携式设备所需的关键功能. 工业、环境、地质、文化遗产、农业、生物、核和安全部门的法医分析和危险材料鉴定。该评论最后强调了关键趋势和具有挑战性的未来方向，使 LIBS 技术易于用于需要在实验室外方便携带和快速分析的应用，仪器尺寸紧凑、重量轻但性能高，具有任何便携式设备所需的关键功能. 工业、环境、地质、文化遗产、农业、生物、核和安全部门的法医分析和危险材料鉴定。该评论最后强调了关键趋势和具有挑战性的未来方向，使 LIBS 技术易于用于需要在实验室外方便携带和快速分析的应用，仪器尺寸紧凑、重量轻但性能高，具有任何便携式设备所需的关键功能.