A wide variety of species, such as different ions, reactive oxygen species, and biomolecules play critical roles in many cell functions. These species are responsible for a range of cellular functions such as signaling, and disturbed levels could be involved in many diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration etc. Thus, sensitive and specific detection methods for these biomarkers could be helpful for early disease detection and mechanistic investigations. New ultrasensitive sensors for detection of markers within living cells are a growing field of research. The present review provides updates in live cell-based biosensing, which have been published within the last decade. These sensors are mainly based on carbon, gold and other metals, and their physicochemical advantages and limitations are discussed. Advanced materials can be incorporated into probes for the detection of various analytes in living cells. The sensitivity is strongly influenced by the intrinsic properties of the nanomaterials as well their shape and size. The mechanisms of action and future challenges in the developments of new methods for live cell based biosensing are discussed.

各种各样的物种，例如不同的离子，活性氧物种和生物分子，在许多细胞功能中起着至关重要的作用。这些物种负责一系列细胞功能，例如信号传导，紊乱的水平可能涉及许多疾病，例如糖尿病，癌症，神经变性等。因此，针对这些生物标志物的灵敏和特异的检测方法可能有助于早期疾病检测和机制研究。用于检测活细胞内标记物的新型超灵敏传感器是一个不断发展的研究领域。本综述提供了基于活细胞的生物传感的最新进展，这些更新已在过去十年内发布。这些传感器主要基于碳，金和其他金属，并讨论了它们的理化优势和局限性。可以将先进的材料掺入探针中，以检测活细胞中的各种分析物。灵敏度受纳米材料的固有特性以及它们的形状和尺寸的强烈影响。讨论了基于活细胞的生物传感新方法的发展中的作用机理和未来挑战。