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Tutorial: “With sufficient increases in X, more people will engage in the target behavior”
Journal of Mathematical Psychology ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jmp.2020.102457
Michel Regenwetter

Abstract Psychological theory should guide the method. A method should not dictate theory. Extraneous assumptions entering psychological theories through the backdoor of a method may differentially affect the analysis of different data sets. This introduces noise and jeopardizes successful replication of valid theoretical claims. Auxiliary theoretical assumptions can also bias substantive conclusions (including across replications). It is therefore becoming ever more crucial that theoretical claims genuinely represent the given theory, no more, no less. Recent work has highlighted a disconnect between some theories and their ‘predictions,’ questioned the scope of theories in the presence of heterogeneity in hypothetical constructs, and developed methods to avoid extraneous assumptions. This tutorial merges these strands of research using a simple, illustrated case study on formulating and testing order-constrained theories. The tutorial applies to empirical paradigms in which scholars can state ordinal constraints on the outcome probabilities for several binary variables such as binary responses or the presence/absence of symptoms, and where the collection of binary variables is associated with a finite set of distinct conditions, such as group membership, treatment condition, or discrete levels of an independent variable. The goal is to let scholars spell out very precise hypotheses that (1) areunadulterated reflections of their theory, (2) provide exceptional theoretical nuance, (3) formally accommodate substantive heterogeneity and (4) offer rigorous and strong quantitative diagnosticity.

中文翻译:

教程:“随着X的足够大,更多的人会参与目标行为”

摘要 心理学理论应指导方法。方法不应该支配理论。通过方法的后门进入心理学理论的无关假设可能会对不同数据集的分析产生不同的影响。这会引入噪音并危及有效理论主张的成功复制。辅助理论假设也会使实质性结论产生偏差(包括跨重复)。因此,理论主张真正代表既定理论变得越来越重要,不多也不少。最近的工作强调了一些理论与其“预测”之间的脱节,在假设结构中存在异质性的情况下质疑理论的范围,并开发了避免无关假设的方法。本教程使用一个简单的、有关制定和测试顺序约束理论的说明性案例研究。本教程适用于经验范式,在这种范式中,学者可以说明对几个二元变量的结果概率的有序约束,例如二元反应或症状的存在/不存在,并且二元变量的集合与一组有限的不同条件相关联,例如组成员、治疗条件或独立变量的离散水平。目标是让学者们阐明非常精确的假设,即 (1) 是他们理论的纯粹反映,(2) 提供特殊的理论细微差别,(3) 正式适应实质性的异质性,以及 (4) 提供严格和强大的定量诊断。本教程适用于经验范式,在这种范式中,学者可以说明对几个二元变量的结果概率的有序约束,例如二元反应或症状的存在/不存在,并且二元变量的集合与一组有限的不同条件相关联,例如组成员、治疗条件或独立变量的离散水平。目标是让学者们阐明非常精确的假设,即 (1) 是他们理论的纯粹反映,(2) 提供特殊的理论细微差别,(3) 正式适应实质性的异质性,以及 (4) 提供严格和强大的定量诊断。本教程适用于经验范式,在这种范式中,学者可以说明对几个二元变量(例如二元反应或症状的存在/不存在)的结果概率的有序约束,并且二元变量的集合与一组有限的不同条件相关联,例如组成员、治疗条件或独立变量的离散水平。目标是让学者们阐明非常精确的假设,即 (1) 是他们理论的纯粹反映,(2) 提供特殊的理论细微差别,(3) 正式适应实质性的异质性,以及 (4) 提供严格和强大的定量诊断。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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