Abstract Copper sulfides (CuxS, x = 1–2), have been recognized as industrially significant materials with diverse applications in exotic technological fields of electronics, sensors, catalysis, photovoltaics, energy storage, etc. Their promising electrochemical performance, ease of availability, and low production cost have motivated enormous interest in fabricating high-performance supercapacitors to meet the sky-rising demands for proficient electrochemical energy storage devices. Various copper sulfide nanostructures obtained via different synthetic methodologies to design superior electrode materials for high-energy supercapacitors have been briefly outlined here. The variations in capacitive behavior with diverse copper sulfides morphologies have been compared and elaborated. As pristine metal chalcogenides nanomaterials often suffer a high rate of agglomeration, irreversible volume change during large electrochemical cycles in addition to poor charge transport features, their commercial usage gets severely restricted. Accordingly, to overcome the aforesaid limitations and bring about superior material qualities, copper sulfides have been intimately blended with a range of other electro-active materials like inorganic semiconductors including metal oxides, hydroxides, chalcogenides, carbides, etc., conducting polymers including polyaniline, polypyrrole, derived polythiophenes, etc. as well as with diverse carbon-based systems in the form of activated carbons, carbon nanotubes and functionalized graphene systems, etc., to furnish varieties of exquisite binary, ternary and quaternary nanocomposites. These materials have exhibited improved features, especially, in terms of capacitance, energy, and power efficiencies besides offering good mechanical flexibility and environmental stability to be applied in various energy-seeking fields of global technology. To the best of knowledge, very few review reports are available in the literature that highlights systematic as well as comprehensive discussion on the extent of progress of supercapacitive applications of different copper sulfide nano-systems and their nanocomposites. Besides, this study also outlines the current challenges faced as well as figures out some prospective ways that may promote better strategic sketching of smarter copper sulfides-based nanomaterials for high-performing supercapacitors in the upcoming days.

中文翻译：

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用于高能超级电容器应用的硫化铜基纳米材料的最新进展

摘要 硫化铜 (CuxS, x = 1–2) 已被公认为具有重要工业意义的材料，在电子、传感器、催化、光伏、储能等特殊技术领域具有多种应用。低成本和低生产成本激发了人们对制造高性能超级电容器的极大兴趣，以满足对专业电化学储能设备日益增长的需求。本文简要概述了通过不同合成方法获得的各种硫化铜纳米结构，以设计用于高能超级电容器的优质电极材料。已经比较和阐述了具有不同硫化铜形态的电容行为的变化。由于原始金属硫属元素化物纳米材料除了电荷传输特性差之外，还经常遭受高附聚率、不可逆的体积变化以及在大电化学循环过程中的不可逆体积变化，因此它们的商业应用受到严重限制。因此，为了克服上述限制并带来优异的材料质量，硫化铜已与一系列其他电活性材料密切混合，如无机半导体，包括金属氧化物、氢氧化物、硫属化物、碳化物等，导电聚合物包括聚苯胺、聚吡咯、衍生聚噻吩等，以及活性炭、碳纳米管和功能化石墨烯系统等形式的各种碳基系统，以提供各种精美的二元、三元和四元纳米复合材料。这些材料除了提供良好的机械柔韧性和环境稳定性外，还表现出改进的特性，特别是在电容、能量和功率效率方面，可应用于全球技术的各种寻求能源的领域。据了解，文献中很少有综述报告突出系统和全面讨论不同硫化铜纳米系统及其纳米复合材料的超级电容应用的进展程度。此外，这项研究还概述了当前面临的挑战，并找出了一些可能在未来几天内更好地为高性能超级电容器制定更智能的基于硫化铜的纳米材料的战略方案。除了提供良好的机械灵活性和环境稳定性之外，还具有功率效率，可应用于全球技术的各种寻求能源的领域。据了解，文献中很少有综述报告突出系统和全面讨论不同硫化铜纳米系统及其纳米复合材料的超级电容应用的进展程度。此外，这项研究还概述了当前面临的挑战，并找出了一些可能在未来几天内更好地为高性能超级电容器制定更智能的基于硫化铜的纳米材料的战略方案。除了提供良好的机械灵活性和环境稳定性之外，还具有功率效率，可应用于全球技术的各种寻求能源的领域。据了解，文献中很少有综述报告突出系统和全面讨论不同硫化铜纳米系统及其纳米复合材料的超级电容应用的进展程度。此外，这项研究还概述了当前面临的挑战，并找出了一些可能在未来几天内更好地为高性能超级电容器制定更智能的基于硫化铜的纳米材料的战略方案。据了解，文献中很少有综述报告突出系统和全面讨论不同硫化铜纳米系统及其纳米复合材料的超级电容应用的进展程度。此外，这项研究还概述了当前面临的挑战，并找出了一些可能在未来几天内更好地为高性能超级电容器制定更智能的基于硫化铜的纳米材料的战略方案。据了解，文献中很少有综述报告突出系统和全面讨论不同硫化铜纳米系统及其纳米复合材料的超级电容应用的进展程度。此外，这项研究还概述了当前面临的挑战，并找出了一些可能在未来几天内更好地为高性能超级电容器制定更智能的硫化铜基纳米材料的前瞻性方法。