Abstract Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo) processes are two newly discovered biochemical pathways for removal of reactive nitrogen species and methane. An investigation was initiated to investigate the simultaneous removal of ammonium and methane and the corresponding microorganisms in a full-scale sewage treatment plant and four landfill leachate treatment plants. In this study, hzsB and pmoA genes were used to amplify the genomic DNA of these samples to reveal the diversity of anammox bacteria and n-damo bacteria in these WWTPs. Both anammox bacteria and n-damo bacteria were detected successfully in all samples. The hzsB gene-based PCR amplified sequences featured three genera of Candidatus (Ca.) Brocadia, Ca. Kuenenia and Ca. Jettenia in these WWTPs, while the pmoA gene amplification showed two species of Ca. Methylomirabilis oxyfera and Ca. Methylomirabilis sinica. It was observed that after inoculation of anammox sludge, Brocadia becomes more dominant from the initial co-existing consortium of Kuenenia and Brocadia, and the community diversity decreased accordingly. Based on quantitative 16S rRNA gene PCR, the abundance of anammox bacteria ranged from 2.64 × 106 to 1.73 × 1013 copies per gram dry sludge in the five plants, particularly high on the carriers of landfill leachate wastewaters and the abundance of n-damo bacteria ranged from 2.52 × 107 to 2.19 × 108 copies per gram dry sludge in the five plants. Results shows that abundances of anammox bacteria and AOB (ammonium oxidizing bacteria) were limited by the lower ammonium in the sewage treatment plant, but were higher corresponding to ammonium concentration. Successful inoculation of anammox bacteria was achieved in practical engineering systems and the co-occurrence of anammox bacteria and n-damo bacteria plays an important role in N and C removal in WWTPs.

中文翻译：

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5个全规模污水处理厂厌氧氨氧化菌和n-damo细菌同时发生及分析

摘要 厌氧氨氧化 (anammox) 和依赖亚硝酸盐的厌氧甲烷氧化 (n-damo) 过程是两种新发现的去除活性氮和甲烷的生化途径。启动了一项调查，以调查在一个全面的污水处理厂和四个垃圾渗滤液处理厂中同时去除铵和甲烷以及相应的微生物。本研究利用 hzsB 和 pmoA 基因对这些样本的基因组 DNA 进行扩增，以揭示这些污水处理厂中厌氧氨氧化细菌和 n-damo 细菌的多样性。在所有样品中均成功检测到厌氧氨氧化细菌和 n-damo 细菌。基于 hzsB 基因的 PCR 扩增序列以 Candidatus (Ca.) Brocadia, Ca 的三个属为特征。Kuenenia 和 Ca。这些污水处理厂中的 Jettenia，而 pmoA 基因扩增显示出两种 Ca。Methylomirabilis oxyfera 和 Ca。甲基菊苣。观察到接种厌氧氨氧化污泥后，Brocadia 从最初的 Kuenenia 和 Brocadia 共存群落变得更加占优势，群落多样性也相应下降。基于定量16S rRNA基因PCR，5个工厂的厌氧氨氧化菌丰度范围为每克干污泥2.64×106至1.73×1013个拷贝，尤其是在垃圾渗滤液废水载体上的高，n-damo细菌的丰度不等从 2.52 × 107 到 2.19 × 108 份每克干污泥在五个植物中。结果表明，厌氧氨氧化菌和AOB（氨氧化菌）的丰度受到污水处理厂氨氮含量较低的限制，但对应于铵浓度较高。在实际工程系统中成功接种了厌氧氨氧化细菌，厌氧氨氧化细菌和n-damo细菌的共生在污水处理厂的N和C去除中起着重要作用。