Limitations of crash data and crash-based methods have given rise to the study of alternate measures of safety that are not predicated on the occurrence of a crash such as traffic conflicts. The popularity of these alternative safety measures will likely play a prominent role in road safety analysis in the forthcoming era of connected and autonomous vehicles because of the vast amount of real-time vehicle data that are likely to be available. While traffic conflicts and crashes share the same failure mechanism in the driving process, which allows models of crash frequency and severity to be applied to model conflict frequency and severity, modeling traffic conflicts has new challenges because of their distinct characteristics. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research studies that have used traffic conflicts as a safety measure, and to present conceptual and methodological issues associated with these studies. It is found that although substantial progress has been made in the modeling methodologies of traffic conflicts over the years, more research efforts are needed. Some promising directions for future research are outlined and discussed.

碰撞数据和基于碰撞的方法的局限性引起了对替代性安全措施的研究，这些措施并非基于碰撞的发生（例如交通冲突）。在即将到来的联网和自动驾驶汽车时代，这些替代性安全措施的普及可能会在道路安全分析中扮演重要角色，因为可能会提供大量的实时汽车数据。尽管交通冲突和碰撞在驾驶过程中共享相同的故障机制，这允许将碰撞频率和严重性模型应用于冲突频率和严重性模型，但是对交通冲突进行建模由于其独特的特性而面临着新的挑战。本文对使用交通冲突作为安全措施的研究进行了全面回顾，并提出与这些研究相关的概念和方法问题。可以发现，尽管多年来交通冲突的建模方法已经取得了实质性进展，但仍需要更多的研究工作。概述并讨论了一些有希望的未来研究方向。