Abstract

Farming horses of indigenous breeds adapted to extreme natural environments is the only effective way to use the vast areas of lands unsuitable for farming animals of the other species. Horse farming is a traditional industry in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) that remains a substantial potential for meat production improvement. Under extreme environmental conditions, genetic variations caused by mutations and evolution tend to occur within the horse populations and breeds. Genetic testing can provide opportunities to monitor the ongoing processes within both the populations and the breeds, contributing to the subsequent selective breeding practice among the stud-farm horses in Yakutia. Analyses of 15 polymorphic microsatllite loci revealed the genetic breed-specific profiles for the Yakut, Megezhek, and Prilensk horse breeds. The alleles identified in the Megezhek horses were not found in the animals of the other two breeds. Allele LEX3^G at locus LEX3 was recorded in the Yakut and Megezhek horses, which could be previously found only in the Arabian horses. The AHT4^F allele previously found only in the Akhal-Teke horses was identified in the Megezhek horses. The effective number of alleles per microsatellite locus was larger in the Megezhek horses, with a mean of 4.327 ± 0.37. The actual heterozygosity values for the horses of all the breeds were almost the same, ranging from 0.636 to 0.651. The coefficient of genetic similarity at a microsatellite locus was highest (0.872) in the Megezhek and Yakut breeds. Thus, the coefficients of genetic similarities between both the Prilensk and Megezhek breeds and the Prilensk and Yakut breeds comprised 0.831 and 0.780, respectively.

中文翻译：

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雅库特马品种的形态和遗传特征

摘要

适应极端自然环境的本土品种的耕种马是使用不适合耕种其他物种动物的广阔土地的唯一有效方法。养马业是萨哈共和国（雅库特）的传统产业，在改善肉类生产方面仍具有巨大潜力。在极端的环境条件下，由突变和进化引起的遗传变异往往发生在马的种群和品种中。基因测试可以提供机会来监视种群和品种中正在进行的过程，从而有助于随后在雅库特的种马场种马中进行选择性繁殖。对15个多态性微卫星基因座的分析揭示了雅库特，梅杰日克和普林斯克种马的遗传品种特异性谱。在另外两个品种的动物中未发现在Megezhek马中鉴定出的等位基因。等位基因LEX3在雅库特（Yakut）和迈格热克（Megezhek）马中记录了LEX3基因座的^G，以前只能在阿拉伯马中发现。以前仅在Akhal-Teke马匹中发现的AHT4 ^F等位基因已在Megezhek马匹中鉴定。在Megezhek马中，每个微卫星基因座的有效等位基因数目较大，平均为4.327±0.37。所有品种的马的实际杂合度值几乎相同，范围为0.636至0.651。在Megezhek和Yakut品种中，微​​卫星基因座的遗传相似系数最高（0.872）。因此，Prilensk和Megezhek品种与Prilensk和Yakut品种之间的遗传相似系数分别为0.831和0.780。