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A Comparison of Physical, Chemical, Biological and Combined Treatments for Detoxification of Free Gossypol in Crushed Whole Cottonseed
Waste and Biomass Valorization ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s12649-020-01290-0
Clemente Batista Soares Neto , Aparecido Almeida Conceição , Taísa Godoy Gomes , Jose Antonio de Aquino Ribeiro , Raquel Bombarda Campanha , Paulo Augusto Vianna Barroso , Antony Enis Virginio Machado , Simone Mendonça , Felix Gonçalves De Siqueira , Robert Neil Gerard Miller

Oilseed plants such as cotton (Gossypium sp.) generate abundant biomass residues which contain significant levels of edible oil, crude proteins and other desirable biomolecules for the animal nutrition industry. The application of cottonseed cake in animal feed, a by-product of the cotton industry, is limited due to the natural presence of toxic free gossypol (FG), wherein efficient and cost-effective methods for FG detoxification are necessary. Herein, pretreatment methods for reducing FG in crushed whole cottonseed (CWCS) were compared, with residual FG quantified using a sensitive Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography method for detection at trace levels in cottonseed materials. Physical treatment by autoclaving resulted in up to 96% detoxification of FG, without reduction in crude protein (CP) content. Chemical treatment with 1% and 2% Ca(OH)2 eliminated FG to as low as 0.04%, although a reduction in CP content was observed. Similarly, native fermentation, whilst reducing FG content by 99.66% after 6 days incubation, also reduced CP content. In combined physical and biological solid-state fermentation (SSF), basidiomycete fungi Ganoderma lucidum CC351, Panus lecomtei CC40, Pleurotus ostreatus CC389, Pleurotus sapidus CC28 and Pycnoporus sanguineus CC400 all degraded FG in autoclaved CWCS to trace levels often lower than obtained by individual treatments. A reduction in total lipids and increase in CP were also observed, improving nutritional quality. The most efficient fungi, P. ostreatus CC389 and P. lecomtei CC40, secreted considerable laccase and manganese peroxidase enzymes during SSF, potentially involved in FG detoxification. Cost effective, non-polluting, value-adding approaches for FG detoxification offer potential in animal feed industries.

Graphic Abstract



中文翻译:

棉籽全棉籽粒中游离棉酚解毒的物理,化学,生物学和综合处理的比较

油料植物,如棉花(棉)产生大量生物质残留物,其中含有大量的食用油,粗蛋白和其他动物营养行业所需的生物分子。由于天然存在的无毒棉酚(FG),限制了棉籽饼在动物饲料(棉花行业的副产品)中的应用,因此必须使用有效且经济高效的FG解毒方法。在本文中,比较了用于减少全棉籽粒(CWCS)中FG的预处理方法,并使用灵敏的超高效液相色谱法对残留的FG进行了定量,以检测棉籽中的痕量水平。通过高压灭菌进行物理处理可以使FG排毒达到96%,而不会降低粗蛋白(CP)含量。用1%和2%Ca(OH)2进行化学处理尽管观察到CP含量降低,但FG的FG含量低至0.04%。同样,自然发酵在孵育6天后可使FG含量降低99.66%,同时也降低了CP含量。在合并物理和生物固态发酵(SSF),担子菌真菌灵芝CC351,革耳lecomtei CC40,平菇CC389,美味侧耳CC28和血红密孔菌CC400所有退化在高压灭菌CWCS FG到痕量水平往往低于由个别处理得到。还观察到总脂质的减少和CP的增加,从而改善了营养质量。最有效的菌类,平菇CC389和P. lecomtei CC40 分泌的相当大的漆酶SSF期间和锰过氧化物酶,可能参与FG解毒。成本有效,无污染,增值的FG排毒方法在动物饲料行业具有潜力。

图形摘要

更新日期:2020-11-06
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