Abstract

Antibiotic resistance in agricultural soils is a significant environmental and health challenge worldwide. To minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance, it is important to understand the fate and spread mechanism of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and develop effective technologies to minimize their negative effects. In this work, we reviewed recent studies on the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in soil by different agricultural practices. The continuous land applications of manures and sewage sludge, and irrigation with wastewater contribute to the elevated antibiotic resistance in soil. The fate of antibiotic resistance from different interfaces are also discussed. In particular, the mechanisms of ARGs dissemination between bacteria are presented. Aerobic composting, and anaerobic and aerobic digestions of manure, sludge, or wastewater are found to be effective treatments to reduce antibiotic resistance into agricultural soils from the sources. Furthermore, strategies to alleviate antibiotic resistance in soil are proposed, and research directions on in-depth mechanisms are outlined to elucidate the antibiotic resistance decay in soil treatment processes. Although much progress has been made in understanding the links of antibiotic resistance between soil and human health, there are still many unknowns on the complex interactions between them.

摘要

在全球范围内，农业土壤中的抗生素抗性是一项重大的环境和健康挑战。为了最大程度地降低抗生素耐药性的风险，重要的是了解抗生素和抗生素耐药性基因（ARGs）的命运和传播机制，并开发有效的技术来最大程度地减少其负面影响。在这项工作中，我们回顾了最近通过不同农业实践在土壤中产生抗生素抗药性的研究。粪便和污水污泥在土地上的连续使用以及废水灌溉导致土壤中的抗生素抗性提高。还讨论了来自不同界面的抗生素抗性的命运。特别地，提出了ARG在细菌之间传播的机制。好氧堆肥以及粪便，污泥的厌氧和好氧消化，已发现废水或废水是减少源头对农业土壤中抗生素耐药性的有效方法。此外，提出了减轻土壤中抗生素抗性的策略，并概述了深入的研究方向，以阐明土壤处理过程中抗生素抗性的下降。尽管在了解土壤与人类健康之间抗生素抗性的联系方面已取得了很大进展，但在它们之间复杂的相互作用方面仍然存在许多未知数。概述了深入机理的研究方向，以阐明土壤处理过程中抗生素抗性的下降。尽管在了解土壤与人类健康之间的抗生素抗性联系方面已取得了很大进展，但在它们之间复杂的相互作用方面仍然存在许多未知数。概述了深入机理的研究方向，以阐明土壤处理过程中抗生素抗性的下降。尽管在了解土壤与人类健康之间的抗生素抗性联系方面已取得了很大进展，但在它们之间复杂的相互作用方面仍然存在许多未知数。