Biodiversity is under threat worldwide. Over the past decade, the field of population genomics has developed across nonmodel organisms, and the results of this research have begun to be applied in conservation and management of wildlife species. Genomics tools can provide precise estimates of basic features of wildlife populations, such as effective population size, inbreeding, demographic history and population structure, that are critical for conservation efforts. Moreover, population genomics studies can identify particular genetic loci and variants responsible for inbreeding depression or adaptation to changing environments, allowing for conservation efforts to estimate the capacity of populations to evolve and adapt in response to environmental change and to manage for adaptive variation. While connections from basic research to applied wildlife conservation have been slow to develop, these connections are increasingly strengthening. Here we review the primary areas in which population genomics approaches can be applied to wildlife conservation and management, highlight examples of how they have been used, and provide recommendations for building on the progress that has been made in this field.

中文翻译：

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用于野生动植物保护和管理的种群基因组学

生物多样性在世界范围内受到威胁。在过去的十年中，种群基因组学领域跨非模型生物发展，这项研究的结果已开始应用于野生动植物物种的保护和管理。基因组学工具可以精确估计野生动植物种群的基本特征，例如有效种群数量，近交，人口历史和种群结构，这对于保护工作至关重要。此外，人口基因组学研究可以确定特定的遗传位点和变异，这些近亲是造成近亲抑郁或适应变化的环境的原因，可以通过保护工作来估计种群响应环境变化而进化和适应的能力以及应对适应性变化的能力。从基础研究到应用野生动植物保护的联系发展缓慢，但这些联系正在日益加强。在这里，我们回顾了可以将种群基因组学方法应用于野生动植物保护和管理的主要领域，重点介绍了如何使用这些方法的实例，并提供了在该领域取得的进展的基础上的建议。