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Effects of snake fungal disease on short‐term survival, behavior, and movement in free‐ranging snakes
Ecological Applications ( IF 5 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.2251
Jennifer M. McKenzie 1 , Steven J. Price 1 , Grant M. Connette 2, 3 , Simon J. Bonner 4 , Jeffrey M. Lorch 5
Affiliation  

Pathogenic fungi are increasingly associated with epidemics in wildlife populations. Snake fungal disease (SFD, also referred to as Ophidiomycosis) is an emerging threat to snakes, taxa that are elusive and difficult to sample. Thus, assessments of the effects of SFD on populations have rarely occurred. We used a field technique to enhance detection, Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) telemetry, and a multi‐state capture–mark–recapture model to assess SFD effects on short‐term (within‐season) survival, movement, and surface activity of two wild snake species, Regina septemvittata (Queensnake) and Nerodia sipedon (Common Watersnake). We were unable to detect an effect of disease state on short‐term survival for either species. However, we estimated Bayesian posterior probabilities of >0.99 that R. septemvittata with SFD spent more time surface‐active and were less likely to permanently emigrate from the study area. We also estimated probabilities of 0.98 and 0.87 that temporary immigration and temporary emigration rates, respectively, were lower in diseased R. septemvittata. We found evidence of elevated surface activity and lower temporary immigration rates in diseased N. sipedon, with estimated probabilities of 0.89, and found considerably less support for differences in permanent or temporary emigration rates. This study is the first to yield estimates for key demographic and behavioral parameters (survival, emigration, surface activity) of snakes in wild populations afflicted with SFD. Given the increase in surface activity of diseased snakes, future surveys of snake populations could benefit from exploring longer‐term demographic consequences of SFD and recognize that disease prevalence in surface‐active animals may exceed that of the population as a whole.

中文翻译:

蛇真菌病对散养蛇的短期存活,行为和运动的影响

致病性真菌与野生动植物种群中的流行病日益相关。蛇真菌病(SFD,也称为蛇皮病)是对难以捉摸且难以采样的蛇,类群的一种新兴威胁。因此,很少有关于SFD对人群的影响的评估。我们使用现场技术来增强检测,被动集成应答器(PIT)遥测和多状态捕获-标记-捕获模型来评估SFD对两个动物的短期(季节内)存活,移动和表面活动的影响野生蛇种,Regina septemvittata(Queensnake)和Nerodia sipedon(普通的水蛇)。我们无法检测到任何一种物种的疾病状态对短期生存的影响。但是,我们估计贝叶斯后验概率大于0.99,认为带有SFD的R. septemvittata花了更多的表面活性时间,并且不太可能从研究区域永久移出。我们还估计患病的R. septemvittata中临时移民和临时移民率分别较低的概率为0.98和0.87 。我们发现在患病的北美洲猪笼草中表面活性升高和临时移民率降低的证据,估计概率为0.89,并且发现永久性或临时性移民率差异的支持率大大降低。这项研究是第一个得出关于遭受SFD侵袭的野生种群中蛇的关键人口统计和行为参数(生存,迁徙,表面活动)的估计。鉴于患病蛇的表面活动增加,对蛇种群的未来调查可能会受益于探索SFD的长期人口统计学后果,并认识到表面活跃动物的疾病流行率可能超过整个种群。
更新日期:2020-11-03
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