Abstract A priori, all beams or pulses are subject to progressive spatial spreading along their propagation even in homogeneous media: Such an effect (diffraction) is always a limitation when the beam is desired to maintain its transverse shape. However, there are wave groups that can withstand diffraction; they are called Localized Waves or Nondiffracting Waves and, because of this property, their applications are being intensively explored. Special Localized Waves are the so-called “Frozen Waves” (FWs), whose longitudinal intensity pattern can be modeled at will within a prefixed space interval. The present work refers to arrays of FWs, namely, to sets of FWs spaced apart transversely and parallel to each other. Our main aim, in fact – after a brief theoretical introduction – is generating arrays of FWs in free space by holographic methods, that is to say, by computer generated holograms optically reproduced by a spatial light modulator. Our present results confirm once more the so-called “Frozen Wave method”, developed years ago. Arrays of optical beams of this type can possess applications in optical tweezers, medicine, atom guiding, remote sensing, and so on.

中文翻译：

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冻结波阵列：一些理论和实验

摘要 先验地，即使在均匀介质中，所有光束或脉冲都会沿其传播进行渐进的空间扩展：当希望光束保持其横向形状时，这种效应（衍射）始终是一个限制。但是，也有可以承受衍射的波群；它们被称为局域波或非衍射波，由于这种特性，它们的应用正在被深入探索。特殊局部波是所谓的“冻结波”（FWs），其纵向强度模式可以在预定的空间间隔内随意建模。目前的工作是指 FW 阵列，即横向间隔开且彼此平行的 FW 组。事实上，我们的主要目标——在简要的理论介绍之后——是通过全息方法在自由空间中生成 FW 阵列，也就是说，通过由空间光调制器以光学方式再现的计算机生成的全息图。我们目前的结果再次证实了多年前开发的所谓“冻结波法”。这种类型的光束阵列可以在光镊、医学、原子导引、遥感等方面得到应用。