Abstract Forward osmosis (FO) has attracted enormous research interests as a prospective low-energy membrane-separation technology in many potential applications such as desalination, wastewater treatment and agricultural irrigation. The novel thin film nanocomposite (TFN) FO membranes have demonstrated great improvement in separation performance and antifouling capacities. As an intermediate layer, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) could control the interfacial polymerization (IP) process to obtain an ultrathin and dense polyamide (PA) selective layer. Silver phosphate loaded acidified graphitic carbon nitride (aCN/AP) exhibited excellent nanofiller properties, including excellent aqueous dispersity, confined mass transfer, and outstanding bacteriostasis. In view of this, we fabricated TFN FO membranes with CNT as interlayer and aCN/AP as nanofillers into PA layer. Improved hydrophilic and enhanced negatively surface charges were obtained with the incorporation of aCN/AP. The optimal TFN-aCN/AP membrane possessed a higher water flux of 67.0 L m−2 h−1 accompanied with a reverse salt flux lower than 3.0 g m−2 h−1 by using 1 M NaCl as draw solution. Besides, the TFN-aCN/AP membrane showed excellent antibacterial property against both gram-negative E.coli and gram-positive S.aureus with a sterilization rate of 99.0% and 92.0%, respectively. This work provides a new strategy to fabricate novel TFN FO membranes with high permselectivity and excellent antibacterial capacities.

中文翻译：

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三层薄膜纳米复合膜增强正向渗透性能

摘要 正渗透（FO）作为一种有前景的低能耗膜分离技术，在海水淡化、废水处理和农业灌溉等许多潜在应用中引起了广泛的研究兴趣。新型薄膜纳米复合材料 (TFN) FO 膜在分离性能和防污能力方面表现出极大的改善。作为中间层，碳纳米管 (CNT) 可以控制界面聚合 (IP) 过程以获得超薄且致密的聚酰胺 (PA) 选择性层。负载磷酸银的酸化石墨氮化碳 (aCN/AP) 表现出优异的纳米填料性能，包括优异的水分散性、有限的传质和出色的抑菌性。鉴于此，我们制造了具有 CNT 作为中间层和 aCN/AP 作为纳米填料的 TFN FO 膜进入 PA 层。通过掺入 aCN/AP 获得了改进的亲水性和增强的负表面电荷。最佳的 TFN-aCN/AP 膜具有更高的水通量，为 67.0 L m-2 h-1，同时使用 1 M NaCl 作为汲取溶液，反向盐通量低于 3.0 g m-2 h-1。此外，TFN-aCN/AP膜对革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌和革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌均表现出优异的抗菌性能，杀菌率分别为99.0%和92.0%。这项工作为制造具有高渗透选择性和优异抗菌能力的新型 TFN FO 膜提供了新策略。最佳的 TFN-aCN/AP 膜具有更高的水通量，为 67.0 L m-2 h-1，同时使用 1 M NaCl 作为汲取溶液，反向盐通量低于 3.0 g m-2 h-1。此外，TFN-aCN/AP膜对革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌和革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌均表现出优异的抗菌性能，杀菌率分别为99.0%和92.0%。这项工作为制造具有高渗透选择性和优异抗菌能力的新型 TFN FO 膜提供了新策略。最佳的 TFN-aCN/AP 膜具有更高的水通量，为 67.0 L m-2 h-1，同时使用 1 M NaCl 作为汲取溶液，反向盐通量低于 3.0 g m-2 h-1。此外，TFN-aCN/AP膜对革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌和革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌均表现出优异的抗菌性能，杀菌率分别为99.0%和92.0%。这项工作为制造具有高渗透选择性和优异抗菌能力的新型 TFN FO 膜提供了新策略。