Twelve new sesquiterpene lactone dimers, lavandiolides A–L (1–12), were isolated from the whole plants of Artemisia lavandulifolia. Among them, compounds 1–6 are 1,3-linked Diels-Alder adducts between two guaianolide monomers, and 7–12 are 2,4-linked sesquiterpene lactone dimers. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Their absolute configurations were determined by ECD spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses with Cu Kα radiation. The nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory effect of all the isolates was assessed on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Compounds 1, 3, 7 and 9 showed potent inhibitory effects on NO production, with IC₅₀ values of 0.61 ± 0.15, 1.64 ± 0.04, 1.89 ± 0.16, and 1.40 ± 0.23 μM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 1 inhibited NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production through activating autophagy.

从青蒿的整个植物中分离出十二种新的倍半萜烯内酯二聚体，Lavandiolides A–L（1–12）。其中，化合物1-6是两个愈创木酚内酯单体之间的1,3-连接的Diels-Alder加合物，而7-12是2,4-连接的倍半萜烯内酯二聚体。通过对HRESIMS，1D和2D NMR光谱进行全面分析，阐明了它们的结构。它们的绝对构型由ECD光谱和CuKα辐射的单晶X射线衍射分析确定。评估所有分离株对一氧化氮（NO）抑制作用对脂多糖（LPS）刺激的RAW264.7巨噬细胞的影响。化合物1，3，7和图9显示了对NO生成的有效抑制作用，IC ₅₀值分别为0.61±0.15、1.64±0.04、1.89±0.16和1.40±0.23μM。此外，化合物1通过激活自噬抑制了炎症小体介导的白介素1β（IL-1β）产生的NLRP3（含NOD，LRR和含吡啶结构域蛋白3）。