This work is devoted to the study of peculiarities in the magnetic coupling of the solar hemispheres over a solar activity cycle. Two approaches have been used. We have studied (i) the magnetic coupling of active regions (ARs) located in different hemispheres in the vicinity of the central meridian and, simultaneously, in the vicinity of the equator and (ii) the properties and time variation of the meridional component of the equatorial magnetic field derived from a potential-field source surface (PFSS) reconstruction at the heliocentric distance of 1.1 solar radii. In the first case, it was shown that most of the ARs in the selected pairs were magnetically connected by field lines in their leading parts. In the second case, the magnetic field monthly mean meridional component, $B_{\theta }$ , in the equatorial plane, which magnetically connects the two hemispheres, displayed a cyclic time variation. In the process, the extreme values of $B_{\theta }$ (both positive and negative) coincided in time with the sunspot maxima, and the amplitude of the $B_{\theta }$ extreme values decreased with decreasing height of the sunspot activity cycle. The sign of the $B_{\theta }$ extreme value was opposite to the sign of the forthcoming extreme value of the polar field, while the sign of $B_{\theta }$ coincided with that of the field lines connecting the leading spots. This means that the polar field is indeed generated by the trailing spots of ARs, and the magnetic flux of the leading spots closes through the equator.

中文翻译：

---

太阳周期中太阳半球的磁耦合

这项工作致力于研究太阳活动周期中太阳半球磁耦合的特性。已经使用了两种方法。我们研究了 (i) 位于中央子午线附近和同时在赤道附近的不同半球的活动区 (AR) 的磁耦合和 (ii) 经向分量的性质和时间变化赤道磁场源自势场源表面 (PFSS) 重建，日心距离为 1.1 个太阳半径。在第一种情况下，显示所选对中的大多数 AR 通过其前导部分的磁力线磁性连接。在第二种情况下，磁场的月平均子午分量 $B_{\theta }$ ，在赤道平面上，磁性连接两个半球，显示出周期性的时间变化。在此过程中，$B_{\theta }$（正负）的极值与太阳黑子极大值在时间上重合，$B_{\theta }$极值的幅度随着太阳黑子高度的降低而减小活动周期。$B_{\theta }$极值的符号与极场即将到来的极值的符号相反，而$B_{\theta }$的符号与连接领先点的场线的符号重合. 这意味着极场确实是由 AR 的尾随点产生的，而前导点的磁通量通过赤道闭合。$B_{\theta }$（正负）的极值在时间上与太阳黑子极大值一致，$B_{\theta }$极值的幅度随着太阳黑子活动周期高度的降低而减小。$B_{\theta }$极值的符号与极场即将到来的极值的符号相反，而$B_{\theta }$的符号与连接领先点的场线的符号重合. 这意味着极场确实是由 AR 的尾随点产生的，而前导点的磁通量通过赤道闭合。$B_{\theta }$（正负）的极值在时间上与太阳黑子极大值一致，$B_{\theta }$极值的幅度随着太阳黑子活动周期高度的降低而减小。$B_{\theta }$极值的符号与极场即将到来的极值的符号相反，而$B_{\theta }$的符号与连接领先点的场线的符号重合. 这意味着极场确实是由 AR 的尾随点产生的，而前导点的磁通量通过赤道闭合。$B_{\theta }$极值的符号与极场即将到来的极值的符号相反，而$B_{\theta }$的符号与连接领先点的场线的符号重合. 这意味着极场确实是由 AR 的尾随点产生的，而前导点的磁通量通过赤道闭合。$B_{\theta }$极值的符号与极场即将到来的极值的符号相反，而$B_{\theta }$的符号与连接领先点的场线的符号重合. 这意味着极场确实是由 AR 的尾随点产生的，而前导点的磁通量通过赤道闭合。