The level of diffusion of integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) and integrated livestock-forestry systems (ILFS) among cattle farmers in Brazil is still low, despite the environmental and economic benefits and governmental policy support. The present study aims at identifying the factors that determine the adoption of these systems in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The theory of adoption and diffusion of agricultural innovations takes into consideration several economic and non-economic determinants. Data from 175 farms and multinomial logit models were used to test hypotheses on the role played by farms’ scale, farms’ topography, farms’ type of soil, farmers’ knowledge, farmers’ capacity for innovation, availability of local facilities for grain trade, extension service, and credit supply. The results highlighted the important role played by farmers’ human and physical resources when adopting these systems. Knowledge, scalable agricultural land and fixed capital for crop farming being the most relevant ones. Access to credit and extension service helped to overcome lack of physical capital and knowledge. Farmers with innovative capacity were the ones who showed to be more prone to adopt. Availability of local infrastructure for grain trading facilitated the adoption of ICLS. Adoption of ILFS turn out to be an alternative option in slopping land and sandy soils. Results shed light on strategies to accelerate the diffusion of those systems.

中文翻译：

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巴西圣保罗州养牛户采用综合系统的决定因素

尽管有环境和经济效益以及政府政策支持，但综合作物-畜牧系统（ICLS）和综合畜牧-林业系统（ILFS）在巴西养牛户中的传播水平仍然很低。本研究旨在确定决定巴西圣保罗州采用这些系统的因素。农业创新的采用和传播理论考虑了几个经济和非经济决定因素。来自 175 个农场的数据和多项 logit 模型用于检验关于农场规模、农场地形、农场土壤类型、农民知识、农民创新能力、当地粮食贸易设施可用性、推广服务和信贷供应。结果突出了农民在采用这些系统时的人力和物力资源所发挥的重要作用。知识、可扩展的农业用地和农作物种植的固定资本是最相关的。获得信贷和推广服务有助于克服物质资本和知识的缺乏。具有创新能力的农民更倾向于采用。当地粮食贸易基础设施的可用性促进了 ICLS 的采用。采用 ILFS 被证明是坡地和沙质土壤的替代选择。结果阐明了加速这些系统扩散的策略。获得信贷和推广服务有助于克服物质资本和知识的缺乏。具有创新能力的农民更倾向于采用。当地粮食贸易基础设施的可用性促进了 ICLS 的采用。采用 ILFS 被证明是坡地和沙质土壤的替代选择。结果阐明了加速这些系统扩散的策略。获得信贷和推广服务有助于克服物质资本和知识的缺乏。具有创新能力的农民更倾向于采用。当地粮食贸易基础设施的可用性促进了 ICLS 的采用。采用 ILFS 被证明是坡地和沙质土壤的替代选择。结果阐明了加速这些系统扩散的策略。