Often called the second brain, the gut communicates extensively with the brain and vice versa . The conversation between these two organs affects a variety of physiological mechanisms that are associated with our mental health. Over the past decade, a growing body of evidence has suggested that the gut microbiome builds a unique ecosystem inside the gastrointestinal tract to maintain the homeostasis and that compositional changes in the gut microbiome are highly correlated with several mental disorders. There are ongoing efforts to treat or prevent mental disorders by regulating the gut microbiome using probiotics. These attempts are based on the seminal findings that probiotics can control the gut microbiome and affect mental conditions. However, some issues have yet to be conclusively addressed, especially the causality between the gut microbiome and mental disorders. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms by which the gut microbiome affects mental health and diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the potential use of probiotics as therapeutic agents for psychiatric disorders.

中文翻译：

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心理疾病与肠道微生物组和大脑之间的串扰有关。

肠道通常被称为第二大脑，与大脑进行广泛的交流，反之亦然。这两个器官之间的对话会影响与我们心理健康相关的各种生理机制。在过去的十年中，越来越多的证据表明，肠道微生物组在胃肠道内建立了一个独特的生态系统，以维持体内稳态，并且肠道微生物组的组成变化与多种精神疾病高度相关。通过使用益生菌调节肠道微生物组，正在努力治疗或预防精神疾病。这些尝试是基于开创性的发现，即益生菌可以控制肠道微生物组并影响精神状况。但是，仍有一些问题尚待最终解决，尤其是肠道微生物组与精神疾病之间的因果关系。在这篇综述中，我们重点研究肠道微生物组影响心理健康和疾病的机制。此外，我们讨论了益生菌作为精神疾病治疗剂的潜在用途。