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Translocation of (ultra)fine particles and nanoparticles across the placenta; a systematic review on the evidence of in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies
Particle and Fibre Toxicology ( IF 10 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-02 , DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00386-8
Eva Bongaerts 1 , Tim S Nawrot 1, 2 , Thessa Van Pee 1 , Marcel Ameloot 3 , Hannelore Bové 1, 3
Affiliation  

Fetal development is a crucial window of susceptibility in which exposure may lead to detrimental health outcomes at birth and later in life. The placenta serves as a gatekeeper between mother and fetus. Knowledge regarding the barrier capacity of the placenta for nanoparticles is limited, mostly due to technical obstacles and ethical issues. We systematically summarize and discuss the current evidence and define knowledge gaps concerning the maternal-fetal transport and fetoplacental accumulation of (ultra)fine particles and nanoparticles. We included 73 studies on placental translocation of particles, of which 21 in vitro/ex vivo studies, 50 animal studies, and 2 human studies on transplacental particle transfer. This systematic review shows that (i) (ultra)fine particles and engineered nanoparticles can bypass the placenta and reach fetal units as observed for all the applied models irrespective of the species origin (i.e., rodent, rabbit, or human) or the complexity (i.e., in vitro, ex vivo, or in vivo), (ii) particle size, particle material, dose, particle dissolution, gestational stage of the model, and surface composition influence maternal-fetal translocation, and (iii) no simple, standardized method for nanoparticle detection and/or quantification in biological matrices is available to date. Existing evidence, research gaps, and perspectives of maternal-fetal particle transfer are highlighted.

中文翻译:

(超)细颗粒和纳米颗粒穿过胎盘的移位;对体外、离体和体内研究证据的系统回顾

胎儿发育是易感性的一个重要窗口,接触该病毒可能会导致出生时和以后的生活中出现有害的健康结果。胎盘充当母亲和胎儿之间的看门人。关于胎盘对纳米颗粒的屏障能力的知识有限,主要是由于技术障碍和伦理问题。我们系统地总结和讨论了当前的证据,并确定了有关(超)细颗粒和纳米粒子的母胎运输和胎儿胎盘积累的知识差距。我们纳入了 73 项关于颗粒胎盘易位的研究,其中 21 项体外/离体研究、50 项动物研究和 2 项关于经胎盘颗粒转移的人体研究。这项系统综述表明,(i)(超)细颗粒和工程纳米颗粒可以绕过胎盘并到达胎儿单位,正如所有应用模型所观察到的,无论物种起源(即啮齿动物、兔子或人类)或复杂性(即体外、离体或体内),(ii) 颗粒大小、颗粒材料、剂量、颗粒溶解、模型的妊娠阶段和表面成分影响母胎易位,以及 (iii) 没有简单、标准化的方法迄今为止,已有用于生物基质中纳米颗粒检测和/或定量的方法。强调了母婴颗粒转移的现有证据、研究差距和观点。
更新日期:2020-11-03
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