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Novel biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease using high resolution proteomics and metabolomics: miRNAS, proteins and metabolites
Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences ( IF 10.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-02 , DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1833298
Diana Navas-Carrillo 1 , José Miguel Rivera-Caravaca 2 , Arturo Sampedro-Andrada 3 , Esteban Orenes-Piñero 4
Affiliation  

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It affects approximately 6% of people over the age of 65 years. It is a clinicopathological, degenerative, chronical and progressive disease that exhibits a deterioration of memory, orientation, speech and other functions. Factors contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease are the presence of extracellular amyloid deposits, called neuritic senile plaques, and fibrillary protein deposits inside neurons, known as neurofibrillary bundles, that appear mainly in the frontal and temporal lobes. AD has a long preclinical latency and is difficult to diagnose and prevent at early stages. Despite the advent of novel high-throughput technologies, it is a great challenge to identify precise biomarkers to understand the progression of the disease and the development of new treatments. In this sense, important knowledge is emerging regarding novel molecular and biological candidates with diagnostic potential, including microRNAs that have a key role in gene repression. On the other hand, proteomic approaches offer a platform for the comprehensive analysis of the whole proteome in a certain physiological time. Proteomic technology investigates protein expression directly and reveals post-translational modifications known to be determinant for many human diseases. Clinically, there is growing evidence for the role of proteomic and metabolomic technologies in AD biomarker discovery. This review discusses the role of several miRNAs identified using genomic technologies, and the importance of novel proteomic and metabolomic approaches to identify new proteins and metabolites that may be useful as biomarkers for monitoring the progression and treatment of AD.



中文翻译:

使用高分辨率蛋白质组学和代谢组学的阿尔茨海默病新型生物标志物:miRNAS、蛋白质和代谢物

摘要

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是最常见的痴呆症。它影响了大约 6% 的 65 岁以上的人。它是一种临床病理学、退行性、慢性和进行性疾病,表现出记忆力、定向力、言语和其他功能的恶化。导致该疾病发病的因素是细胞外淀粉样蛋白沉积物的存在,称为神经炎性老年斑,以及神经元内的纤维蛋白沉积物,称为神经原纤维束,主要出现在额叶和颞叶。AD 具有很长的临床前潜伏期,难以在早期诊断和预防。尽管出现了新的高通量技术,但识别精确的生物标志物以了解疾病的进展和新疗法的开发仍是一项巨大的挑战。从这个意义上说,关于具有诊断潜力的新型分子和生物学候选物的重要知识正在出现,包括在基因抑制中起关键作用的 microRNA。另一方面,蛋白质组学方法为在特定生理时间内对整个蛋白质组进行综合分析提供了一个平台。蛋白质组学技术直接研究蛋白质表达并揭示已知是许多人类疾病的决定因素的翻译后修饰。在临床上,越来越多的证据表明蛋白质组学和代谢组学技术在 AD 生物标志物发现中的作用。本综述讨论了使用基因组技术鉴定的几种 miRNA 的作用,

更新日期:2020-11-02
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