In view of the wide applications of near-infrared (NIR) light in night vision, security, medicine, sensors, telecommunications, and military applications, and the scarcity of high-efficiency NIR-emitting materials, development of alternative NIR-emitting materials is urgently required. In this review, we focus on three kinds of emerging NIR-emitting materials used in light-emitting diodes (LEDs), namely organic materials, inorganic quantum dot (QD) materials, and organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite materials; the corresponding devices are organic LEDs, QD LEDs, and perovskite LEDs. The advantages and disadvantages of the three kinds of materials are discussed, some representative works are reviewed, and a brief outlook for these materials is provided.

鉴于近红外（NIR）光在夜视，安全，医学，传感器，电信和军事应用中的广泛应用，以及高效NIR发射材料的稀缺性，正在开发替代NIR发射材料迫切需要。在本文中，我们重点介绍了三种用于发光二极管（LED）的新兴近红外发射材料，即有机材料，无机量子点（QD）材料和有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料。相应的设备是有机LED，QD LED和钙钛矿LED。讨论了这三种材料的优缺点，回顾了一些代表性的作品，并简要介绍了这些材料。