Large-scale metagenome assemblies of human microbiomes have produced a vast catalogue of previously unseen microbial genomes; however, comparatively few microbial genomes derive from other vertebrates. Here, we generated 5,596 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the gut metagenomes of 180 predominantly wild animal species representing 5 classes, in addition to 14 existing animal gut metagenome data sets. The MAGs comprised 1,522 species-level genome bins (SGBs), most of which were novel at the species, genus, or family level, and the majority were enriched in host versus environment metagenomes. Many traits distinguished SGBs enriched in host or environmental biomes, including the number of antimicrobial resistance genes. We identified 1,986 diverse biosynthetic gene clusters; only 23 clustered with any MIBiG database references. Gene-based assembly revealed tremendous gene diversity, much of it host or environment specific. Our MAG and gene data sets greatly expand the microbial genome repertoire and provide a broad view of microbial adaptations to the vertebrate gut.

中文翻译：

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大规模的元基因组大会揭示了新型的动物相关的微生物基因组，生物合成的基因簇和其他遗传多样性。

人类微生物组的大规模元基因组组装产生了大量以前未见过的微生物基因组的目录。然而，相对较少的微生物基因组来源于其他脊椎动物。在这里，除了14个现有的动物肠道元基因组数据集之外，我们还从180个主要代表5类野生动物物种的肠道元基因组中生成了5,596个由基因组组装的基因组（MAG）。MAG包含1,522个物种级别的基因组bin（SGB），其中大多数在物种，属或家族级别都是新颖的，并且大多数富含宿主对环境的元基因组。许多特性使SGB富含宿主或环境生物群落，包括抗菌素耐药基因的数量。我们鉴定了1,986个不同的生物合成基因簇。只有23个群集有任何MIBiG数据库引用。基于基因的组装揭示了巨大的基因多样性，其中很大一部分是宿主或特定于环境的。我们的MAG和基因数据集极大地扩展了微生物基因组库，并为微生物对脊椎动物肠道的适应提供了广阔的视野。