Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have become an indispensable part of human development and our lives, from spaceships to deep-sea submersibles as well as ordinary electronics. Since it was proposed in the 1970s and commercialized in 1991, LIBs have been pursuing higher energy, higher power, higher safety and higher durability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more efficient anode materials to overcome the capacity and rate bottlenecks of commercial graphite. Oxide anodes stand out in terms of high capacity and working potential, e.g., Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ has been a high-performance safe anode material. Yet developed early, most of oxide anodes suffer from low conductivity, low initial coulombic efficiency and large volume change during lithium/delithiation process. Recently, defect engineering has significantly improved the performance of oxide anodes and alleviated the above problems. In this review, we present the fundamentals, challenges and recent research progress on defective oxide anodes of LIBs. Firstly, the development history of LIBs and oxide anode is briefly introduced. Then, the definition, classification, preparation method, structure-function relationship between defect structure and electrochemical performance are introduced in detail, as well as the development perspective of defect oxide anode.

从太空船到深海潜水器以及普通电子产品，锂离子电池（LIB）已成为人类发展和我们生活中不可或缺的一部分。自从1970年代提出并于1991年商业化以来，LIB一直在追求更高的能量，更高的功率，更高的安全性和更高的耐用性。因此，迫切需要开发更有效的阳极材料以克服商业石墨的容量和速率瓶颈。氧化物阳极在高容量和工作电势方面脱颖而出，例如Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂一直是高性能安全的阳极材料。尚未开发的早期，大多数氧化物阳极在锂/脱锂过程中都具有导电率低，初始库伦效率低和体积变化大的缺点。近来，缺陷工程已经大大改善了氧化物阳极的性能并减轻了上述问题。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了LIB的有缺陷的氧化物阳极的基础，挑战和最新研究进展。首先，简要介绍了锂离子电池和氧化物阳极的发展历史。然后，详细介绍了缺陷结构与电化学性能之间的关系，定义，分类，制备方法，结构与功能的关系以及缺陷氧化物阳极的发展前景。