Disease diagnosis and treatment always have and will remain the primary goals of modern healthcare. When diseases may be detected early, however, clinical outcomes are able to be improved due to the increased efficiency of therapeutic treatments. To improve upon the detection of diseases, nanofibers (NFs) have been applied to create nanosensors capable of detecting specific biomarkers of certain diseases and illnesses. NFs possess a high surface area to volume ratio, which allows for increased contact between the target analyte and the sensing apparatus, thus often improving the sensitivity, selectivity, and limit of detection of the sensor. These systems also present one method towards point of care healthcare—expanding access to accurate healthcare devices to those who currently lack the infrastructure, if the technology can be commercially scaled. Much progress has been made in recent years for the detection of malaria, cancer, and other diseases while implementing NFs for sensing and are discussed here. Trends and future considerations for the field of NF-based disease diagnosis and monitoring are also considered.

疾病诊断和治疗一直是并将继续是现代医疗保健的主要目标。但是，当可以及早发现疾病时，由于治疗效率的提高，临床结果得以改善。为了改善疾病的检测，已将纳米纤维（NFs）用于创建能够检测某些疾病和疾病的特定生物标记物的纳米传感器。NF具有高的表面积与体积之比，从而可以增加目标分析物与传感设备之间的接触，因此通常可以提高传感器的灵敏度，选择性和检测极限。这些系统还提出了一种针对护理点医疗保健的方法，即向当前缺乏基础设施的人们扩大对精确医疗保健设备的访问权限，如果该技术可以商业规模推广。近年来，在实施用于感测的NF的同时，用于检测疟疾，癌症和其他疾病的研究已取得了很大进展，在此进行了讨论。还考虑了基于NF的疾病诊断和监测领域的趋势和未来考虑。