Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have manifested great potential as an alternative to traditional electrochemical energy-storage devices. However, challenges concerned with zinc metal anode, including zinc dendrite and side reactions, severely hinder the performance of rechargeable ZIBs. Therefore, a profound comprehension of these challenges is necessary for the exploration of high-performance zinc metal anodes. Instead of simply introducing the implementation methods to improve the performance of zinc metal anode, this review overviews and categorizes the strategies towards the challenges of zinc metal anode by their essential design principles from the perspective of electrochemical and chemical reaction. Besides, the prospects of zinc anode development are proposed as well. This contribution is intended to throw light upon a systematical understanding of the strategies and provide insights into the future development of highly reversible and stable zinc metal anode for ZIBs.

可再充电的水性锌离子电池（ZIB）具有巨大的潜力，可以替代传统的电化学储能装置。然而，与锌金属阳极有关的挑战，包括锌枝晶和副反应，严重阻碍了可充电ZIB的性能。因此，对这些挑战的深刻理解对于探索高性能锌金属阳极是必要的。本综述不是简单地介绍提高锌金属阳极性能的实施方法，而是从电化学和化学反应的角度，通过其基本设计原理对应对锌金属阳极挑战的策略进行了概述和分类。此外，还提出了锌阳极的发展前景。