Several hundred satellites are monitoring our planet every day, some of which are able to measure subtle ground movement. Satellites that carry synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors are capable of providing high-resolution weather-independent imagery of the Earth. By taking several images of an area of interest at different times and analyzing them with advanced processing techniques such as interferometric SAR (InSAR), millimeter-level motion on ground structures can be detected and measured. Ground motion maps have been validated for several scenarios over the past 20 years utilizing Earth Observation (EO) technology. This paper presents InSAR basics and the methodology to apply this mature EO technology to bridges with a focus on the interpretation and validation of satellite data and their use for 3D visualization and early warning of unexpected bridge displacements. The concept of thermal sensitivity and its use to monitor bridge behavior is introduced. Two case studies are provided to illustrate and validate the application, and specific calculation methods are proposed to determine the extent of thermal movement for given types of bridges. Finally, a new 3D visualization tool that incorporates processed satellite data is briefly presented, which will serve in future development phases as a platform for bridge movement assessment and early warning to identify and flag abnormal bridge displacements, and to help avoid failures.

每天有数百颗卫星在监视我们的星球，其中一些能够测量微妙的地面运动。带有合成孔径雷达（SAR）传感器的卫星能够提供高分辨率的与天气无关的地球图像。通过在不同时间拍摄感兴趣区域的几张图像并使用干涉式SAR（InSAR）等先进的处理技术对其进行分析，可以检测和测量地面结构上的毫米级运动。在过去的20年中，利用地球观测（EO）技术对地面运动地图进行了多种场景的验证。本文介绍了将这种成熟的EO技术应用于桥梁的InSAR基础知识和方法，重点是卫星数据的解释和验证以及它们在3D可视化和桥梁意外位移预警中的使用。介绍了热敏性的概念及其在桥梁行为监测中的应用。提供了两个案例研究来说明和验证该应用，并提出了特定的计算方法来确定给定类型的桥梁的热运动程度。最后，简要介绍了一种新的3D可视化工具，该工具结合了已处理的卫星数据，将在以后的开发阶段中用作桥梁运动评估和预警的平台，以识别和标记异常的桥梁位移，并帮助避免故障。介绍了热敏性的概念及其在桥梁行为监测中的应用。提供了两个案例研究来说明和验证该应用，并提出了特定的计算方法来确定给定类型的桥梁的热运动程度。最后，简要介绍了一种新的3D可视化工具，该工具结合了已处理的卫星数据，将在以后的开发阶段中用作桥梁运动评估和预警的平台，以识别和标记异常的桥梁位移，并帮助避免故障。介绍了热敏性的概念及其在桥梁行为监测中的应用。提供了两个案例研究来说明和验证该应用，并提出了特定的计算方法来确定给定类型的桥梁的热运动程度。最后，简要介绍了一种新的3D可视化工具，该工具结合了已处理的卫星数据，将在以后的开发阶段中用作桥梁运动评估和预警的平台，以识别和标记异常的桥梁位移，并帮助避免故障。