Environmental risks of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) have aroused considerable concern, however, their ecotoxicity in soil-plant systems has yet not been well elaborated, particularly in agroecosystems with various fertility levels and soil biota. The aims of the present study were to determine AgNPs impacts on maize as influenced by mycorrhizal inoculation and P fertilization. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted determine the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices and P fertilization (0, 20, and 50 P mg/kg soil, as Ca(H₂PO₄)₂) on plant growth, Ag accumulation and physiological responses of maize exposed to AgNPs (1 mg/kg), or an equivalent Ag⁺. Overall, AgNPs and Ag⁺ did not significantly affect plant biomass and acquisition of mineral nutrients, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), chlorophyll contents and photosystem (PS) II photochemical efficiency. In most cases, AgNPs and Ag⁺ caused similar Ag accumulation in plant tissues. P fertilization significantly increased Ag bioavailability and plant Ag accumulation, but only promoted the growth and P uptake of nonmycorrhizal plants. AM inoculation produced positive impacts on plant biomass, nutritional and physiological responses, but slightly affected extractable Ag in soil and Ag accumulation in plants. Mycorrhizal responses in plant growth and P uptake were more pronounced in the treatments without P but with Ag. By and large, AgNPs exhibited similar phytoavailability, phytoaccumulation and low phytotoxicity compared to Ag⁺, but higher fungitoxicity (i.e., lower root colonization). In conclusion, both AM inoculation and P fertilization can improve plant performance in the soil exposed to Ag, but P increases environmental risk of Ag. Our results indicate a beneficial role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi but a dual role of P in soil-plant systems exposed to AgNPs or Ag⁺.

银（Ag）纳米颗粒（NPs）的环境风险引起了人们的极大关注，但是，其在土壤-植物系统中的生态毒性尚未得到很好的阐述，特别是在具有不同肥力水平和土壤生物量的农业生态系统中。本研究的目的是确定受菌根接种和磷肥影响的AgNPs对玉米的影响。进行了温室盆栽试验，确定了根瘤菌内辐射菌根和磷肥（0、20和50 P mg / kg土壤，以Ca（H ₂ PO ₄）₂）对菌根接种对植物生长，Ag积累和生理响应的影响暴露于AgNPs（1 mg / kg）或等价的Ag ⁺的玉米。总体而言，AgNP和Ag⁺不会显着影响植物生物量和矿物质营养的获取，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），过氧化氢酶（CAT）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性，叶绿素含量和光系统（PS）II的光化学效率。在大多数情况下，AgNP和Ag ⁺导致植物组织中类似的银积累。磷肥显着提高了银的生物利用度和植物银的积累，但仅促进了非菌根植物的生长和对磷的吸收。AM接种对植物生物量，营养和生理反应产生积极影响，但对土壤中的可提取Ag和植物中Ag的积累影响较小。在无磷但有银的处理中，植物生长和磷吸收的菌根反应更为明显。总的来说，与Ag ⁺相比，AgNPs具有相似的植物利用率，植物蓄积性和低植物毒性。，但真菌毒性较高（即，较低的根定植）。总之，AM接种和P施肥均可改善暴露于Ag的土壤中的植物生长性能，但P会增加Ag的环境风险。我们的结果表明，丛枝菌根真菌具有有益作用，但P在暴露于​​AgNPs或Ag ^+的土壤植物系统中具有双重作用。