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Phylogenetic diversity analysis reveals Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense and Ensifer aridi as major symbionts of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) in Pakistan
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00397-9
Sughra Hakim 1, 2 , Asma Imran 1 , M Sajjad Mirza 1
Affiliation  

The present study was carried out to evaluate the diversity of rhizobia associated with nodules of mung bean in Pakistan, because this information is necessary for inoculum development. Based on sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene of thirty-one bacteria, 11 were assigned to genus Bradyrhizobium, 17 to Ensifer, and 3 to Rhizobium. Phylogenetic analyses on the basis of 16S-23S ITS region, atpD, recA, nifH, and nodA of representative strains revealed that B. yuanmingense is the predominant species distributed throughout different mung bean-growing areas. Among the fast-growing rhizobia, Ensifer aridi was predominant in Faisalabad, Layyah, and Rawalpindi, while E. meliloti in Thal desert. Sequence variations and phylogeny of nifH and nodA genes suggested that these genes might have been co-evolved with the housekeeping genes and maintained by vertical gene transfer in rhizobia detected in the present study. Host infectivity assay revealed the successful nodulation of host by rhizobia related to genera Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer and Rhizobium. Among all, Bradyrhizobium and Ensifer spp. inoculation exhibited a significantly higher number of nodules (11-34 nodules plant-1) and nitrogenase activity (nodule ARA 60-110 μmol g-1 h-1). Contrary to the previous studies, our data reveal that B. yuanmingense and E. aridi are predominant species forming effective nodules in mung bean in Pakistan. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the effective symbiosis of E. aridi, E. meliloti, and Rhizobium pusense with mung bean. The diversity of rhizobia in different habitats revealed in the present study will contribute towards designing site-specific inocula for mung bean.

中文翻译:

系统发育多样性分析表明,Bradyrhizobiumyuanmingense和Ensifer aridi是巴基斯坦绿豆(Vigna radiata L.)的主要共生体

本研究旨在评估与巴基斯坦绿豆根瘤相关的根瘤菌多样性,因为这些信息对于接种物的发育是必要的。根据31种细菌的16S rRNA基因序列分析,11种属于慢生根瘤菌属,17种属于Ensifer属,3种属于根瘤菌属。基于 16S-23S ITS 区、atpD、recA、nifH 和 nodA 代表性菌株的系统发育分析表明,元明绿豆是分布在不同绿豆产区的优势种。在快速生长的根瘤菌中,Ensifer aridi 在 Faisalabad、Layyah 和 Rawalpindi 中占主导地位,而 E. meliloti 在 Thal 沙漠中占主导地位。nifH 和 nodA 基因的序列变异和系统发育表明,这些基因可能与管家基因共同进化,并通过本研究中检测到的根瘤菌中的垂直基因转移维持。宿主感染性测定表明,与 Bradyrhizobium、Ensifer 和 Rhizobium 相关的根瘤菌成功地对宿主进行了结瘤。其中,Bradyrhizobium 和 Ensifer spp。接种表现出显着更高数量的根瘤(11-34 个根瘤 plant-1)和固氮酶活性(根瘤 ARA 60-110 μmol g-1 h-1)。与之前的研究相反,我们的数据显示,B.yuanmingense 和 E.aridi 是在巴基斯坦绿豆中形成有效根瘤的主要物种。此外,据我们所知,这是第一份显示 E. aridi、E. meliloti、E. meliloti 有效共生的报告。和绿豆根瘤菌。本研究揭示的不同生境中根瘤菌的多样性将有助于设计特定地点的绿豆接种物。
更新日期:2020-11-03
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