Aurora observations are an uncommon phenomenon at low and mid latitudes that, at the end of the 18th century, were not well known and understood. Low and mid geomagnetic latitude aurora observations provide information about episodes of intense solar storms associated with flares and outstanding coronal mass ejection (CME) and about the variation of the geomagnetic field. However, for many observers at mid and low latitudes, the features of a northern light were unknown, so they could easily report it as a phenomenon without explanation. In this work, we found that an earlier mid geomagnetic latitude aurora was observed in Beauséjour, close to Béziers (43^∘19^′ N, 3^∘13^′ E), France, by the abbot François Rozier. He was a meticulous botanist, doctor and agronomist with a special interest in atmospheric phenomena. On 15 August 1780, from 19:55 to 20:07 (Universal Time), François Rozier observed a “phosphoric cloud”. A careful analysis of the report indicates that he was reporting an auroral event. The recovery of auroral events at low and mid latitude during the 1780s is very useful for shedding light on solar activity during this period because there are few records of sunspot observations.

中文翻译：

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Rozier观测到的早期中纬度极光（Béziers，1780年）

在低纬度和中纬度地区，极光观测是一种不常见的现象，到18世纪末，该现象尚未广为人知和理解。中低地磁纬度极光观测提供了有关与耀斑和出色的日冕物质抛射（CME）相关的强烈太阳风暴事件以及地磁场变化的信息。但是，对于许多中低纬度的观察者来说，北极光的特征是未知的，因此他们可以轻松地将其报告为一种现象而无需解释。在这项工作中，我们发现，在Beauséjour酒店观察到的早期中期地磁纬度极光，靠近贝济耶（43 ^∘ 19 ^'  N，3 ^∘ 13 ^' E），法国，方丈FrançoisRozier。他是一位细致的植物学家，医生和农艺师，对大气现象特别感兴趣。1780年8月15日（世界标准时间）19:55至20：07，FrançoisRozier观察到“磷云”。对报告的仔细分析表明他正在报告一次极光事件。1780年代中低纬度的极光事件的恢复对于减少这一时期的太阳活动非常有用，因为几乎没有黑子观测的记录。