The influence of Viking-Age migrants to the British Isles is obvious in archaeological and place-names evidence, but their demographic impact has been unclear. Autosomal genetic analyses support Norse Viking contributions to parts of Britain, but show no signal corresponding to the Danelaw, the region under Scandinavian administrative control from the ninth to eleventh centuries. Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 has been considered as a possible marker for Viking migrations because of its high frequency in peninsular Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden). Here we select ten Y-SNPs to discriminate informatively among hg R1a1 sub-haplogroups in Europe, analyse these in 619 hg R1a1 Y chromosomes including 163 from the British Isles, and also type 23 short-tandem repeats (Y-STRs) to assess internal diversity. We find three specifically Western-European sub-haplogroups, two of which predominate in Norway and Sweden, and are also found in Britain; star-like features in the STR networks of these lineages indicate histories of expansion. We ask whether geographical distributions of hg R1a1 overall, and of the two sub-lineages in particular, correlate with regions of Scandinavian influence within Britain. Neither shows any frequency difference between regions that have higher (≥10%) or lower autosomal contributions from Norway and Sweden, but both are significantly overrepresented in the region corresponding to the Danelaw. These differences between autosomal and Y-chromosomal histories suggest either male-specific contribution, or the influence of patrilocality. Comparison of modern DNA with recently available ancient DNA data supports the interpretation that two sub-lineages of hg R1a1 spread with the Vikings from peninsular Scandinavia.

维京时代移民对不列颠群岛的影响在考古和地名证据中显而易见，但他们的人口影响尚不清楚。常染色体遗传分析支持北欧维京人对英国部分地区的贡献，但没有显示出与丹麦法律相对应的信号，该地区从 9 世纪到 11 世纪在斯堪的纳维亚行政控制下。Y 染色体单倍群 R1a1 被认为是维京人迁徙的可能标志物，因为它在斯堪的纳维亚半岛（挪威和瑞典）出现的频率很高。在这里，我们选择了 10 个 Y-SNP 来在欧洲的 hg R1a1 亚单倍群中进行信息区分，在 619 个 hg R1a1 Y 染色体中分析这些，包括来自不列颠群岛的 163 个，以及 23 个短串联重复序列 (Y-STR) 来评估内部多样性。我们发现了三个特定的西欧亚单倍群，其中两个在挪威和瑞典占主导地位，在英国也有发现；这些谱系的 STR 网络中的星状特征表明了扩张的历史。我们询问 hg R1a1 的整体地理分布，特别是两个亚谱系的地理分布，是否与英国境内的斯堪的纳维亚影响区域相关。两者均未显示挪威和瑞典常染色体贡献较高（≥10%）或较低的区域之间的任何频率差异，但两者在丹麦法律对应的区域中均显着过高。常染色体和 Y 染色体历史之间的这些差异表明男性特定的贡献或父权的影响。