Microbial conversion of plant biomass into fuels and chemicals offers a practical solution to global concerns over limited natural resources, environmental pollution, and climate change. Pursuant to these goals, researchers have put tremendous efforts and resources toward engineering the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to efficiently convert xylose, the second most abundant sugar in lignocellulosic biomass, into various fuels and chemicals. Here, recent advances in metabolic engineering of yeast is summarized to address bottlenecks on xylose assimilation and to enable simultaneous co‐utilization of xylose and other substrates in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Distinct characteristics of xylose metabolism that can be harnessed to produce advanced biofuels and chemicals are also highlighted. Although many challenges remain, recent research investments have facilitated the efficient fermentation of xylose and simultaneous co‐consumption of xylose and glucose. In particular, understanding xylose‐induced metabolic rewiring in engineered yeast has encouraged the use of xylose as a carbon source for producing various non‐ethanol bioproducts. To boost the lignocellulosic biomass‐based bioeconomy, much attention is expected to promote xylose‐utilizing efficiency via reprogramming cellular regulatory networks, to attain robust co‐fermentation of xylose and other cellulosic carbon sources under industrial conditions, and to exploit the advantageous traits of yeast xylose metabolism for producing diverse fuels and chemicals.

中文翻译：

---

工程酿酒酵母有效生产生物燃料和化学物质的木糖同化作用

将植物生物质微生物转化为燃料和化学药品，为解决全球对有限自然资源，环境污染和气候变化的担忧提供了切实可行的解决方案。为了实现这些目标，研究人员投入了巨大的精力和资源来开发酿酒酵母。以有效地将木糖（木质纤维素生物质中的第二大糖）转化为各种燃料和化学物质。在此，总结了酵母代谢工程的最新进展，以解决木糖同化的瓶颈问题，并使木糖和纤维素水解产物中的木糖和其他底物同时共同利用。还强调了可用于生产高级生物燃料和化学物质的木糖代谢的独特特征。尽管仍然存在许多挑战，但最近的研究投资促进了木糖的有效发酵以及同时消耗木糖和葡萄糖。特别是，了解工程酵母中木糖诱导的代谢重新连接，已鼓励使用木糖作为生产各种非乙醇生物产品的碳源。