The use of agricultural residues for the generation of bioethanol has the potential to substitute fuels such as petrol or first-generation bioethanol and thereby generate environmental benefits. Scientific research in this field typically confines the environmental dimension to global warming, disregarding other environmental impact and damage categories. By multi-criteria mixed-integer linear programming, this work examines environmental benefits and economic viability of optimal second-generation bioethanol production network configurations to substitute petrol and/or first-generation bioethanol in the EU. The results comprise environmentally optimal decisions for 18 impact and 3 damage categories, as well as economically optimal solutions for different excise and carbon tax scenarios. The impact categories global warming potential, particulate matter, and land use are affected the most. Optimal network decisions for different environmental objectives can be clustered into three groups of mutual congruencies, but opportunity costs between the different groups can be very high, indicating conflicting decisions. The decision to substitute petrol or first-generation ethanol has the greatest influence. The results of the multi-dimensional analysis suggest that the damage categories human health and ecosystem quality are suitable to unveil tradeoffs between conflicting environmental impacts, for example, global warming and land use. Taking human health and ecosystem quality as environmental decision criteria, second-generation bioethanol should be used to concurrently substitute first-generation bioethanol and petrol (100% and 18% of today's demand in the EU, respectively). However, economic optimization shows that with current taxation, bioethanol is hardly competitive with petrol, and that excise tax abatement or carbon taxes are needed to achieve these volumes. This article met the requirements for a gold-gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.

中文翻译：

---

欧盟大规模第二代生物乙醇生产的环境效益：综合供应链网络优化和生命周期评估方法

利用农业残留物生产生物乙醇有可能替代汽油或第一代生物乙醇等燃料，从而产生环境效益。该领域的科学研究通常将环境维度局限于全球变暖，而忽略其他环境影响和损害类别。通过多标准混合整数线性规划，这项工作检查了在欧盟替代汽油和/或第一代生物乙醇的最佳第二代生物乙醇生产网络配置的环境效益和经济可行性。结果包括针对 18 种影响和 3 种损害类别的环境优化决策，以及针对不同消费税和碳税情景的经济优化解决方案。影响类别全球变暖潜力，颗粒物和土地利用受到的影响最大。针对不同环境目标的最佳网络决策可以分为三组相互一致的，但不同组之间的机会成本可能非常高，表明决策存在冲突。替代汽油或第一代乙醇的决定影响最大。多维分析的结果表明，人类健康和生态系统质量的损害类别适合揭示相互冲突的环境影响之间的权衡，例如全球变暖和土地利用。以人类健康和生态系统质量为环境决策标准，第二代生物乙醇应同时替代第一代生物乙醇和汽油（分别为欧盟当今需求的100%和18%）。然而，经济优化表明，在目前的税收下，生物乙醇很难与汽油竞争，并且需要减免消费税或碳税来实现这些数量。这篇文章满足了金-金的要求http://jie.click/badges 中描述的JIE数据开放徽章。