As interest increases in harnessing the potential power of tissue‐resident cells for human health and disease, γδ T cells have been thrust into the limelight due to their prevalence in peripheral tissues, their sentinel‐like phenotypes, and their unique antigen recognition capabilities. This review focuses primarily on human γδ T cells, highlighting their distinctive characteristics including antigen recognition, function, and development, with an emphasis on where they differ from their αβ T cell comparators, as well as from γδ T cell populations in the mouse. We review the antigens that have been identified thus far to regulate members of the human Vδ1 population and discuss what players are involved in transducing phosphoantigen‐mediated signals to human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We also briefly review distinguishing features of these cells in terms of TCR signaling, use of coreceptor and costimulatory molecules and their development. These cells have great potential to be harnessed in a clinical setting, but caution must be taken to understand their unique capabilities and how they differ from the populations to which they are commonly compared.

中文翻译：

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人类 γδ T 细胞识别和功能的多样性

随着人们对利用组织驻留细胞的潜在力量促进人类健康和疾病的兴趣日益浓厚，γδ T 细胞因其在外周组织中的普遍存在、其类似哨兵的表型及其独特的抗原识别能力而成为人们关注的焦点。本综述主要关注人类 γδ T 细胞，强调其独特的特征，包括抗原识别、功能和发育，重点关注它们与 αβ T 细胞比较者以及小鼠 γδ T 细胞群的不同之处。我们回顾了迄今为止已确定的调节人类 Vδ1 群体成员的抗原，并讨论了哪些参与者参与将磷酸抗原介导的信号转导至人类 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞。我们还简要回顾了这些细胞在 TCR 信号传导、共受体和共刺激分子的使用及其发展方面的显着特征。这些细胞在临床环境中具有巨大的应用潜力，但必须谨慎了解它们独特的功能以及它们与通常比较的细胞群有何不同。