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Multi-year marine cold-spells off the west coast of Australia and effects on fisheries
Journal of Marine Systems ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2020.103473
Ming Feng , Nick Caputi , Arani Chandrapavan , Miaoju Chen , Anthony Hart , Mervi Kangas

Abstract Ocean temperature variability off the west coast of Australia is affected by the El Nino Southern Oscillation from the Pacific, the Indian Ocean Dipole, the Southern Annular Mode, and the regional air-sea coupling mode – the Ningaloo Nino. The modes of climate variability affect the strength of the Leeuwin Current, a warm, poleward-flowing eastern boundary current, and air-sea heat exchanges off the coast, impacting on the upper ocean heat balance and sea surface temperature (SST) variability. After the unprecedented 2010–2011 Ningaloo Nino (extreme marine heatwave) event, the region experienced more marine heatwaves in the following two austral summers, before SST off the coast eventually switched to a multi-year cold phase. This marine cold-spell (MCS) commenced with the 2015–16 El Nino and continued to 2019, when the Nino-4 W region SST was warmed up and Leeuwin Current was weakened. The upper ocean heat content in the southeast Indian Ocean was lowered (thermocline being elevated), due to the reduction of the Indonesian Throughflow transport, and alongshore northward winds strengthened during this period, which allowed thermocline waters to be more efficiently entrained into the surface layer to cool the SST. Thus, several factors might have contributed in the multi-year MCSs. The MCSs was associated with increased primary production in the Leeuwin Current and helped the recovery of benthic species of local fisheries such as Roe's abalone, saucer scallops and Shark Bay's blue swimmer crabs that were significantly affected by the damaging heat stress during the 2011–2013 marine heatwave period.

中文翻译:

澳大利亚西海岸多年的海洋寒潮及其对渔业的影响

摘要 澳大利亚西海岸的海洋温度变化受到来自太平洋的厄尔尼诺南方涛动、印度洋偶极子、南方环状模和区域海气耦合模——宁格鲁尼诺的影响。气候变率模式会影响鲁温海流(一种温暖的、向极地流动的东部边界流)的强度,以及沿海的海气热交换,从而影响上层海洋热平衡和海面温度 (SST) 变率。在史无前例的 2010-2011 年 Ningaloo Nino(极端海洋热浪)事件之后,该地区在接下来的两个南方夏季经历了更多的海洋热浪,之后沿海海温最终转变为多年寒冷阶段。这种海洋寒潮 (MCS) 始于 2015-16 年的厄尔尼诺现象,并持续到 2019 年,当 Nino-4 W 区域海温回暖,Leeuwin Current 减弱时。由于印度尼西亚通流输送减少,东南印度洋上层海洋热含量降低(温跃层升高),在此期间沿海岸北风加强,使温跃层水更有效地被夹带进入表层冷却 SST。因此,有几个因素可能对多年 MCS 做出了贡献。MCS 与鲁温海流初级产量的增加有关,并帮助当地渔业的底栖物种恢复,例如在 2011-2013 年海洋期间受到破坏性热应激的显着影响的鱼子鲍、碟扇贝和鲨鱼湾的蓝色游泳蟹。热浪时期。由于印度尼西亚通流输送减少,东南印度洋上层海洋热含量降低(温跃层升高),在此期间沿海岸北风加强,使温跃层水更有效地被夹带进入表层冷却 SST。因此,有几个因素可能对多年 MCS 做出了贡献。MCS 与鲁温海流初级产量的增加有关,并帮助当地渔业的底栖物种恢复,例如在 2011-2013 年海洋期间受到破坏性热应激的显着影响的鱼子鲍、碟扇贝和鲨鱼湾的蓝色游泳蟹。热浪时期。由于印度尼西亚通流输送减少,东南印度洋上层海洋热含量降低(温跃层升高),在此期间沿海岸北风加强,使温跃层水更有效地被夹带进入表层冷却 SST。因此,有几个因素可能对多年 MCS 做出了贡献。MCS 与鲁温海流初级产量的增加有关,并帮助当地渔业的底栖物种恢复,例如在 2011-2013 年海洋期间受到破坏性热应激的显着影响的鱼子鲍、碟扇贝和鲨鱼湾的蓝色游泳蟹。热浪时期。由于印度尼西亚通流传输减少,并且在此期间沿海岸北风增强,这使得温跃层水更有效地进入表层以冷却海温。因此,有几个因素可能对多年 MCS 做出了贡献。MCS 与鲁温海流初级产量的增加有关,并帮助当地渔业的底栖物种恢复,例如在 2011-2013 年海洋期间受到破坏性热应激的显着影响的鱼子鲍、碟扇贝和鲨鱼湾的蓝色游泳蟹。热浪时期。由于印度尼西亚通流传输减少,并且在此期间沿海岸北风增强,这使得温跃层水更有效地进入表层以冷却海温。因此,有几个因素可能对多年 MCS 产生了影响。MCS 与鲁温海流初级产量的增加有关,并帮助当地渔业的底栖物种恢复,例如在 2011-2013 年海洋期间受到破坏性热应激的显着影响的鱼子鲍、碟扇贝和鲨鱼湾的蓝色游泳蟹。热浪时期。有几个因素可能对多年 MCS 产生了影响。MCS 与鲁温海流初级产量的增加有关,并帮助当地渔业的底栖物种恢复,例如在 2011-2013 年海洋期间受到破坏性热应激的显着影响的鱼子鲍、碟扇贝和鲨鱼湾的蓝色游泳蟹。热浪时期。有几个因素可能对多年 MCS 产生了影响。MCS 与鲁温海流初级产量的增加有关,并帮助当地渔业的底栖物种恢复,例如在 2011-2013 年海洋期间受到破坏性热应激的显着影响的鱼子鲍、碟扇贝和鲨鱼湾的蓝色游泳蟹。热浪时期。
更新日期:2021-02-01
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