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An account of the strategies to enhance the water splitting efficiency of noble-metal-free electrocatalysts
Journal of Energy Chemistry ( IF 13.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jechem.2020.10.022
Subhasis Shit , Saikat Bolar , Naresh Chandra Murmu , Tapas Kuila

The electrolysis of water for hydrogen generation has shown immense promise as an energy conversion technology for the green energy economy. Two concurrently occurring electrochemical reactions in water electrolysis (hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions) are sluggish in nature and therefore the employment of electrocatalysts is highly essential. Noble-metal-based electrocatalysts (Pt, RuO2, IrO2, etc.) have shown superior activity towards these reactions. However, their lower natural abundance and inferior stability make the cost to performance ratio of water electrolysis too high. Thus, huge amount of research efforts are being carried out to develop electrocatalysts consisting of earth abundant elements (transition metals, carbon etc.) as the replacement of these noble-metal-based materials. Transition metal compounds, carbonaceous and hybrid materials have shown promise as efficient electrocatalysts but there is still huge gap between the activities of these materials and the noble-metal-based electrocatalysts. Several strategies like morphology modulation, elemental doping, defect engineering etc. are being deployed to enhance the activity of these noble-metal-free electrocatalysts. This review summarizes these strategies and thoroughly discusses the reason behind the changes in activity of the electrocatalysts owing to these modifications. Finally, the remaining research gaps and future prospects in this field are also discussed in detail.



中文翻译:

关于提高无贵金属电催化剂水分解效率的策略的说明

电解水用于制氢已显示出巨大的前景,可作为绿色能源经济的能源转换技术。水电解中同时发生的两个电化学反应(氢和氧的释放反应)本质上是缓慢的,因此使用电催化剂非常重要。贵金属基电催化剂(Pt,RuO 2,IrO 2等)对这些反应显示出优异的活性。然而,它们较低的自然丰度和较差的稳定性使得水电解的成本对性能比太高。因此,正在进行大量的研究努力以开发由富含地球的元素(过渡金属,碳等)组成的电催化剂,以代替这些贵金属基材料。过渡金属化合物,碳质和杂化材料已被证明是有效的电催化剂,但这些材料的活性与贵金属基电催化剂之间仍然存在巨大差距。为了增强这些无贵金属的电催化剂的活性,正在采用几种策略,例如形态调制,元素掺杂,缺陷工程等。这篇综述总结了这些策略,并彻底讨论了由于这些修饰而导致电催化剂活性变化的原因。最后,还详细讨论了该领域剩余的研究差距和未来前景。

更新日期:2020-12-23
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