The elastic metamaterials have exceptional physical properties and functions unavailable in natural materials, a major challenge is how to realize the dynamic and stable adjustment of working frequency to control elastic waves. In this work, we propose a method of creating geometrically reconfigurable and mechanically tunable multi-stable metamaterials to realize a kind of tunable elastic metamaterial with a stable state during the active regulation without continuous-consuming energy based on 4D printing technology. The underlying mechanical mechanism of dynamic and stable adjustment is investigated through theoretical model, finite element analysis and experiment. The tunable elastic metamaterial can adjust the starting/ending frequencies and broaden the frequency ranges of bandgaps and control the elastic wave propagation. The method of intelligent and active manipulation of elastic wave can be used in vibration-isolated steady-state adjustable equipment and smart wave device. Inspired by electronic technology, we implement a bi-stable logic-gate elastic metamaterial to correctly execute simple wave logic operations.

弹性超材料具有卓越的物理性能和天然材料无法提供的功能，主要挑战是如何实现工作频率的动态和稳定调节以控制弹性波。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于4D打印技术创建几何可重构和机械可调的多稳态超材料的方法，以实现一种在主动调节过程中具有稳定状态而无需连续消耗能量的可调弹性超材料。通过理论模型，有限元分析和实验研究了动态和稳定调节的基本力学机理。可调弹性超材料可以调节开始/结束频率，加宽带隙的频率范围，并控制弹性波的传播。弹性波的智能主动控制方法可用于隔振稳态可调设备和智能波装置。受电子技术的启发，我们实现了双稳态逻辑门弹性超材料，以正确执行简单的波动逻辑运算。