Tumors represent a hostile environment for the effector cells of cancer immunosurveillance. Immunosuppressive receptors and soluble or membrane-bound ligands are abundantly exposed and released by malignant entities and their stromal accomplices. As a consequence, executioners of antitumor immunity inefficiently navigate across cancer tissues and fail to eliminate malignant targets. By inducing immunogenic cancer cell death, oncolytic viruses profoundly reshape the tumor microenvironment. They trigger the local spread of danger signals and tumor-associated (as well as viral) antigens, thus attracting antigen-presenting cells, promoting the activation and expansion of lymphocytic populations, facilitating their infiltration in the tumor bed, and reinvigorating cytotoxic immune activity. The present review recapitulates key chemokines, growth factors and other cytokines that orchestrate this ballet of antitumoral leukocytes upon oncolytic virotherapy.

肿瘤代表了癌症免疫监视效应细胞的恶劣环境。免疫抑制受体和可溶性或膜结合配体被恶性实体及其基质同伙大量暴露和释放。结果，抗肿瘤免疫的刽子手无法有效地穿越癌症组织，无法消除恶性靶标。通过诱导免疫原性癌细胞死亡，溶瘤病毒深刻地重塑了肿瘤微环境。它们触发危险信号和肿瘤相关（以及病毒）抗原的局部传播，从而吸引抗原呈递细胞，促进淋巴细胞群的激活和扩张，促进它们在肿瘤床中的浸润，并重振细胞毒性免疫活性。本综述概括了关键的趋化因子，