Three-dimensional (3D) porous hydroxyapatite/silk fibroin (HA/SF) composite scaffolds with good mechanical and biological performance, could provide a good cellular survival microenvironment for bone repair. However, coating HA efficiently and uniformly on SF scaffolds remains a challenge. In this study, the effects of microwave-assisted technology and biomineralization methods on the nanostructure, chemical composition and deposition efficiency of HA coating have been comparatively analyzed. Furthermore, the mechanical performance of the prepared 3D scaffolds was evaluated, and rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on the 3D scaffolds to investigate their cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation capacities. The results indicate that microwave-assisted technology could improve the HA deposition efficiency to enhance the compressive strengths of 3D HA/SF scaffolds. Especially, when microwave-assisted technology is introduced in simulated body fluid mineralization process, the obtained 3D composite scaffold could trigger the best cellular response, including promoting cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. This study may provide a promising strategy for constructing 3D porous scaffolds with excellent mechanical and biological performance for bone tissue engineering.

具有良好的机械和生物学性能的三维（3D）多孔羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白（HA / SF）复合支架可以为骨修复提供良好的细胞存活微环境。然而，在SF支架上有效且均匀地涂覆HA仍然是一个挑战。在这项研究中，比较分析了微波辅助技术和生物矿化方法对HA涂层的纳米结构，化学组成和沉积效率的影响。此外，评估了制备的3D支架的机械性能，并将大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞接种在3D支架上以研究其细胞相容性和成骨分化能力。结果表明，微波辅助技术可以提高HA的沉积效率，从而增强3D HA / SF支架的抗压强度。特别是，在模拟体液矿化过程中引入微波辅助技术时，所获得的3D复合支架可以触发最佳的细胞反应，包括促进细胞黏附，扩散，增殖和成骨分化。这项研究可能为构建具有优异的机械和生物学性能的3D多孔支架用于骨组织工程提供了有前途的策略。扩散，增殖和成骨分化。这项研究可能为构建具有优异机械和生物学性能的3D多孔支架用于骨组织工程提供了有前途的策略。扩散，增殖和成骨分化。这项研究可能为构建具有优异的机械和生物学性能的3D多孔支架用于骨组织工程提供了有前途的策略。