Abstract This study characterizes a consolidation of undeformed level ice and ice ridges. Field investigations were performed in the Van Mijenfjorden, Svalbard for 66 days between February and May of 2017. The thickness and properties of the level ice that was used to make the ridge were measured, and thermistor-strings were installed in the ridge and the neighboring level ice. The ridge was visited four times for drilling and sampling. During our field experiment, the level ice (LI) grew from 50 to 99 cm, the consolidated layer (CL) grew up to 120 cm, and the ridge initial macroporosity was about 0.36. The experimental results provided enough information for accurate growth prediction and validation of ridge consolidation models. Two analytical resistive models and two-dimensional discretized numerical models are presented. All models need general met-ocean conditions and general ice physical properties. The ridge model includes the effect of the inhomogeneous top and bottom surfaces of the consolidated layer. The models were validated against the field measurements, and the further details of the analytical models were validated against the numerical model. The analytical resistive ridge model with convective atmospheric flux captures the relevant phenomena well and could be used for prediction of the consolidated layer thickness in probabilistic analysis of ice actions on structures. The model including the radiative terms predicted heat fluxes in level ice and ridge better than the convective model but required more input data. Vertical temperature profiles through the consolidated layer and further into respectively a void and an ice block may result in significantly different estimations of the consolidated layer thickness. The difference between fresh and saline ice growth is becoming significant only during the warming phase due to significant change of sea ice microporosity.

中文翻译：

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斯瓦尔巴群岛 Van Mijenfjorden 人工海冰脊加固中型实验

摘要 本研究表征了未变形水平冰和冰脊的固结。2017 年 2 月至 5 月，在斯瓦尔巴群岛的 Van Mijenfjorden 进行了为期 66 天的实地调查。测量了用于制造山脊的水平冰的厚度和特性，并在山脊和邻近地区安装了热敏电阻串水平冰。对山脊进行了四次钻探和取样。在我们的野外实验中，水平冰（LI）从 50 厘米增长到 99 厘米，固结层（CL）增长到 120 厘米，山脊初始大孔隙度约为 0.36。实验结果为准确的增长预测和山脊固结模型的验证提供了足够的信息。提出了两种解析电阻模型和二维离散数值模型。所有模型都需要一般的海洋气象条件和一般的冰物理特性。山脊模型包括固结层不均匀的顶面和底面的影响。这些模型针对现场测量进行了验证，分析模型的进一步细节针对数值模型进行了验证。具有大气对流通量的解析电阻脊模型很好地捕捉了相关现象，可用于预测冰对结构的作用概率分析中的固结层厚度。包含辐射项的模型比对流模型更好地预测了水平冰和山脊中的热通量，但需要更多的输入数据。穿过固结层并进一步分别进入空隙和冰块的垂直温度分布可能导致对固结层厚度的显着不同的估计。由于海冰微孔隙度的显着变化，新鲜冰和盐冰生长之间的差异仅在变暖阶段变得显着。