Abstract Plant nutrient acquisition strategies involving ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations, are key plant functional traits leading to distinct carbon (C) and nutrient dynamics in forests. Yet, little is known about how these strategies influence the structure and functioning of soil communities, and if such mycorrhizal effects may be more or less pronounced depending on the type of forest and various abiotic factors. Here we explore the potential interactions occurring between plant-EcM and plant-AM systems with the diverse soil organisms occurring in forest soils, and in the process draw attention to major issues that are worthy for future research directions. Based on these potential interactions, we suggest that EcM systems, especially those involving gymnosperms in colder climates, may select for a soil community with a narrow set of functions. These EcM systems may exhibit low functional redundancy, dominated by symbiotic interactions, where EcM fungi maintain low pH and high C/N conditions in order to tightly control nutrient cycling and maintain the dominance of EcM trees. By contrast, AM systems, particularly those involving deciduous angiosperm trees in mild and warmer climates, may facilitate a functionally more diverse and redundant soil community tending towards the dominance of competitive and antagonistic interactions, but also with a range of symbiotic interactions that together maintain diverse plant communities. We propose that the contrasting belowground interactions in AM and EcM systems act as extended nutrient acquisition traits that contribute greatly to the prevailing nutrient and C dynamics occurring in these systems.

中文翻译：

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生物与菌根系统的相互作用作为塑造森林土壤群落和功能的扩展养分获取策略

摘要 涉及外生菌根 (EcM) 和丛枝菌根 (AM) 关联的植物养分获取策略是导致森林中不同碳 (C) 和养分动态的关键植物功能性状。然而，对于这些策略如何影响土壤群落的结构和功能，以及这种菌根效应是否可能或多或少取决于森林类型和各种非生物因素，我们知之甚少。在这里，我们探讨了植物-EcM 和植物-AM 系统与森林土壤中发生的多种土壤生物之间发生的潜在相互作用，并在此过程中引起对值得未来研究方向的重大问题的关注。基于这些潜在的相互作用，我们建议 EcM 系统，尤其是那些在寒冷气候下涉及裸子植物的系统，可能会选择具有一组狭窄功能的土壤群落。这些 EcM 系统可能表现出低功能冗余，由共生相互作用主导，其中 EcM 真菌保持低 pH 值和高 C/N 条件，以严格控制养分循环并保持 EcM 树的优势。相比之下，AM 系统，特别是那些在温和和温暖气候下涉及落叶被子植物树的系统，可能会促进功能更加多样化和冗余的土壤群落，倾向于竞争和对抗相互作用的主导地位，但也有一系列共生相互作用，共同维持多样化植物群落。